DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.3.508-516

Penilaian Tingkat Cemaran Logam Berat Pada Lahan Pertanian di Hulu Sungai Citarum, Jawa Barat

Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian;, Indonesia

Received: 13 Jan 2022; Revised: 5 Mar 2022; Accepted: 6 Mar 2022; Available online: 29 Mar 2022; Published: 5 Jul 2022.
Editor(s): H. Hadiyanto

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Abstract

Konsentrasi logam berat pada lahan pertanian sangat penting untuk dipantau karena berdampak pada lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai tingkat kontaminasi logam berat pada lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Bandung (DAS Hulu Sungai Citarum) dengan menganalisis faktor kontaminasi, faktor resiko ekologi, indeks beban polusi dan tingkat akumulasi logam berat yang berasal dari sumber antrhopogenik. Penentuan titik pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan secara grid pada satuan (unit) lahan pada peta penggunaan lahan. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan dengan metode survey pada 273 titik lokasi. Sampel tanah dianalisis kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, Cr, Co dan Ni, kemudian dianalisis pola sebaran dan kontaminasi tanahnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata konsentrasi logam Pb, Cd, Cr, Co dan Ni pada tanah masih berada di bawah batas kritis logam berat. Berdasarkan analisis kontaminasi dari faktor kontaminan (CF) dan potensi resiko ekologi (Er) menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi logam Cd telah mencapai pada kategori sangat tercemar dan sangat berpotensi pada resiko ekologi. Tingkat pencemaran logam berat yang bersumber dari aktivitas anthropogenik menunjukkan kategori sedang hingga berat untuk logam Cd.

ABSTRACT

The concentration of heavy metals in agricultural land is very important to monitor because it has an impact on the environment and public health. This study aims to provide information on the level of heavy metal contamination on agricultural land in Bandung Regency (the upstream watershed of the Citarum River) by analyzing contamination factors, ecological risk factors, pollution load index, and the level of accumulation of heavy metals from anthropogenic sources. Determination of the point of soil sampling is done on a grid on land units on the land use map. Soil sampling was carried out by survey method at 273 location points. Soil samples were analyzed for the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni, then the distribution pattern and soil contamination were analyzed. The results showed that the average concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni in the soil was still below the critical limit for heavy metals. Based on the analysis of contamination from the contaminant factor (CF) and potential ecological risk (Er) it shows that the concentration of Cd metal has reached the category of highly polluted and has a high potential for ecological risk. The level of heavy metal pollution originating from anthropogenic activities shows a moderate to a heavy category for Cd.

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Keywords: Lahan pertanian; Logam berat; Sungai Citarum

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