DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.3.654-664

Pengukuran Tingkat Eko-Efisiensi Batik Cap Menggunakan Metode Life Cycle Analysis (Studi Kasus: Batik Encim pada Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan)

1Departemen Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

22Departemen Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Received: 5 Mar 2022; Revised: 31 Mar 2022; Accepted: 4 Apr 2022; Published: 5 Jul 2022.
Editor(s): H. Hadiyanto

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Abstract

Batik merupakan budaya Indonesia yang unik dan harus dilestarikan, tak hanya itu, batik juga telah ditetapkan sebagai warisan budaya dunia. Dalam proses produksi batik tersebut terdapat berbagai dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh besarnya limbah cair yang dihasilkan, penggunaan zat pewarna sintesis, dan sebagainya. Hal tersebut juga terjadi pada Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan dalam memproduksi batik cap khas yang disebut batik encim. Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan merupakan kampung batik dengan jumlah Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) yang cukup besar yaitu sekitar 30 IKM berpotensi untuk menimbulkan dampak lingkungan yang besar pula. Demi menghasilkan produk yang efisien secara ekonomi dan ekologi, perlu dilakukan analisis eko-efisiensi dan besarnya biaya dampak lingkungan yang diperlukan atau eco-cost terkait proses produksi dimulai dari awal produksi hingga akhir produk jadi. Pengukuran eko-efisiensi dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Pengukuran LCA dilakukan melalui perhitungan cost benefit analysis, eco-efficiency index, eco-cost value ratio, dan eco-efficiency ratio. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan pengurus Omah Kreatif Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan, pemilik dan pekerja IKM di Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan untuk mengetahui hal-hal terkait proses produksi, input, output, dan biaya-biaya yang terkait pada proses produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai eco-cost Rp 69.937,365 untuk setiap lembar batik encim dan nilai eko-efisiensi 1,178 yang lebih dari 1 menandakan produk yang dihasilkan telah menguntungkan dalam aspek ekonomi dan juga sustainable. Hal tersebut menandakan bahwa Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan harus mempertahankan dan meningkatkan nilai eko-efisiensinya dengan melakukan perbaikan pada proses produksinya menjadi lebih efisien pada aspek ekonomi maupun ekologi.

ABSTRACT

Batik is a unique Indonesian culture and must be preserved, not only that, but batik has also been established as a world cultural heritage. However, the batik production process can cause various negative impacts on the environment caused by the amount of liquid waste produced, the use of synthetic dyes, etc. This also happened to Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan in producing its well-known batik cap called batik encim. Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan is a batik village with a fairly large number of Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurs (SMEs) which is around 30 IKM has the potential to cause a large environmental impact as well. For the sake of producing economically and ecologically efficient products, it is necessary to do an eco-efficiency analysis and the number of environmental impact costs required (eco-costs) related to the production process starting from the beginning of production to the end of each finished product. This eco-efficiency measurement is carried out using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. LCA measurement is performed through the calculation of cost benefit analysis, eco-efficiency index, eco-cost value ratio, and eco-efficiency ratio. The data collection technique was carried out through interviews with the management of Omah Kreatif Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan, owners and workers of IKM in Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan to find out things related to the production process, inputs, outputs, and costs related to the production process.The results showed the eco-cost value of Rp 69,937,365 was obtained for each encim batik and an eco-efficiency value of 1.178 which was more than 1 indicates that the product produced was profitable in economic terms and also sustainable. This indicates that Kampoeng Batik Kauman Pekalongan must maintain and increase its eco-efficiency value by making improvements in its production process to be more efficient in economic and ecological aspects.

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Keywords: Batik Encim; Kampoeng Batik Kauman; Pekalongan; keberlanjutan; eko-efisiensi
Funding: Universitas Diponegoro

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