skip to main content

Pola Distribusi Spasial-Temporal Hotspot dan Variasi Standardized Precipitation Index pada Lahan Gambut Tropis di Kepulauan Meranti, Riau

1Program Studi Ilmu Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, Sekolah Pascasarjana, IPB University, Bogor 16144, Indonesia

2Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup (PPLH), IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

3Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

4 Departemen Geofisika dan Meteorologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

View all affiliations
Received: 5 Feb 2022; Revised: 5 Mar 2022; Accepted: 13 Mar 2022; Available online: 18 Mar 2022; Published: 3 Jul 2022.
Editor(s): H. Hadiyanto

Citation Format:
Abstract

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi setiap tahun di Indonesia sebagian besar berlokasi di lahan gambut. Bencana tersebut berdampak besar terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan, salah satunya adalah terdegradasinya lahan gambut tropis. Pada tahun 2014, kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kepulauan Meranti turut berkontribusi terhadap bencana kabut asap yang dirasakan hingga ke Singapura dan Malaysia. Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove (BRGM) telah berupaya melakukan restorasi ekosistem gambut. Pemantuan data hotspot dan curah hujan secara rutin dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya mitigasi bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola distribusi hotspot dan variasi Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) serta mengetahui korelasinya terhadap kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data hotspot dari Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dan curah hujan dari Climate Vunerabilities Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) selama 21 tahun yang dianalisis secara spasial-temporal dan koefisien korelasi Pearson. Sekitar 97.2% atau 7403 hotspot berada pada lahan gambut. Frekuensi hotspot tertinggi terjadi pada 2014, 2005, dan 2019. Distribusi hotspot bulanan mengikuti fluktuasi curah hujan dengan jumlah kejadian tertinggi terjadi pada Februari-Maret. Nilai SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-4, SPI-6, SPI-12 tahun 2001-2021 bervariasi dari -3.5 hingga 3.0. Selama 21 tahun, Kepulauan Meranti telah mengalami musim basah dan kering yang ekstrim. Nilai SPI dan hotspot bervariasi mengikuti fenomena El Nino dan La Nina. Nilai SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-4, SPI-6 berkorelasi kuat dengan data hotspot 2001-2021 dengan nilai r lebih dari 60%. Korelasi antara SPI dengan curah hujan mampu meprediksi puncak periode basah dan kering. Variabel hotspot dan SPI tidak dapat dipisahkan karena bisa menjadi salah satu faktor penting yang membantu proses perumusan arahan mitigasi dan adaptasi bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan.

ABSTRACT

Forest and land fires in Indonesia every year are mainly located on peatlands. The disaster had a significant impact on various aspects of life, one of which was the degradation of tropical peatlands. In 2014, forest and land fires in the Kepulauan Meranti contributed to the haze disaster that was felt as far as Singapore and Malaysia. Through the Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency (BRGM), the Government of Indonesia has tried to restore the peat ecosystem. Monitoring of hotspot and rainfall data is routinely carried out as one of the efforts to mitigate forest and land fire disasters. This study aims to identify the distribution pattern of hotspots and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) variations and determine their correlation to forest and land fires. This study uses hotspot data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and rainfall from Climate Vulnerabilities Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) for 21 years which were analyzed spatially-temporal and Pearson correlation coefficient. Around 97.2% or 7403 hotspots are on peatlands. The highest frequency of hotspots occurred in 2014, 2005, and 2019. The monthly distribution of hotspots follows fluctuations in rainfall, with the highest number of occurrences occurring from February to March. The values of SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-4, SPI-6, SPI-12 in 2001-2021 varied from -3.5 to 3.0. For 21 years, the Meranti Islands have experienced extreme wet and dry seasons. The value of SPI and hotspot varies according to El Nino and La Nina phenomena. The values of SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-4, SPI-6 are strongly correlated with the 2001-2021 hotspot data with an r-value of more than 60%. The correlation between SPI and rainfall can predict the peak of the wet and dry periods. Hotspot and SPI variables cannot be separated because they can be important factors that help formulate directives for mitigation and adaptation to forest and land fire disasters.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Hotspot; SPI; Curah hujan; Kebakaran hutan dan lahan; Gambut tropis; MODIS; CHIRPS

Article Metrics:

  1. Astika, Y., Qomar, N., Sutikno, S. 2022. Implementasi kegiatan restorasi gambut dan fenomena kebakaran lahan dan hutan di Desa Lukun, Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Timur, Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti. Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan, Vol. 1 No. 1, Januari 2022. Hal 25-40. Doi: 10.31849/forestra.v17i1.7358
  2. Athoillah, I., Sibarani, R.M., Doloksaribu, D.E. 2017. Spatial analysis of the 2015 strong El Nino and the 2016 weak La Nina (their influence on humidity, wind, and rainfall condition in Indonesia). Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, Vol. 18 No. 1. Hal 33-41
  3. Basir, M.A. 2016. Upaya pemerintah dalam menangani illegal logging (studi pada UPTD Kehutanan Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara). Kybernan: Jurnal Studi Kepemerintahan, Vol. 1 No. 2. Hal 38-47
  4. Darmawan, Y., Nainggolan, L., Hutapea, T.D., Makmur, E.E.S., Munir, I.M. 2020. Thermal hotspot distribution of MODIS Aqua/Terra Satellite in Humbang Hasudutan Regency, Northern Sumatra. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 982. Doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/982/1/012013
  5. Davies, D., Ederer, G., Olsina, O., Wong, M., Cechini, M., Boller, R. 2019. NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management (FIRMS): Near Real-Time Global Fire Monitoring using data from MODIS and VIIRS. Diakses dari https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/
  6. Febrina, H., Sutikno, S., Rinaldi. 2017. Analisis kekeringan untuk mitigasi kebakaran lahan gambut menggunakan data satelit berbasis sistem informasi geografis. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik, Vol. 4 No. 2, Oktober 2017. Hal 1-9
  7. Giglio, L., Van Der Werf, G.R., Randerson. T., Collatz, G.J., Kasibhatla, P. 2006. Global estimation of burned area using MODIS active fire observations. Atmos Chem Phys, 6, 957-974. Doi: 10.5194/acp-6-957-2006
  8. Hadiyani, F.S and Nurhayati, A.D. 2022. Hotspot analysis in 2015 and 2019 at Ogan Komering Ilir District South Sumatera Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 959. Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012056
  9. Hafni, D.A.F., Putra, E.I., Harahap, A.A.N., Saharjo, B.H., Graham, L., Nurhayati, A.D., Cochrane, M.A. 2022. Peat fire risk assessment in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 959. Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012058
  10. Hamzah, A.S., Darmawan., Sumawinata, B., Suwardi., Djajakirana, G. 2019. Spatial analysis of hotspot data for tracing the source of annual peat fires in South Sumatra, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 393. Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/393/1/012068
  11. Harrison, M.E., Page, S.E., Limin, S.H. 2009. The global impact of Indonesian forest fires. Biologist, Vol. 56 No. 3, pp 156-163. Doi: 10.1.1.709.683
  12. Hutabarat, S. 2017. Tantangan berkelanjutan perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat di Kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau dalam perubahan perdagangan global. Masyarakat Indonesia, Vol. 43 No. 1. Hal 47-64
  13. Koudahe, K., Kayode, A., Samson, A., Adebola, A., Djaman, K. 2017. Trend analysis in standardized precipitation index and standardized anomaly index in the context of climate change in Southern Togo. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 7, 401-423. Doi: 10.4236/acs.2017.74030
  14. Liu, C.Y., Aryastana, P., Liu, G.R., Huang. W.R. 2020. Assessment of satellite precipitation product estimates over Bali Island. Atmospheric Research, Vol. 244, ISSN 0169-8095, Doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105032
  15. McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.L., Kleist, J. 1993. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, 179-184. Doi: 10.1.1.462.4342
  16. Parwati, Suwarsono, Suprapto, T. 2010. Analisis peran ENSO terhadap distribusi hotspot dan curah hujan di Pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Atmosfir. Hal 391-406
  17. Prabowo, M.R., Koesmaryono, Y., Faqih, A., Sopaheluwakan, A. 2020. Karakteristik spasial dan temporal hotspot di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Meteorolgi dan Geofisika, Vol. 21 No. 1, Juli 2020. Hal 9-19
  18. Putra, A., Sutikno, S., Rinaldi. 2017. Identifikasi lahan gambut menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 8 OLI Tirs berbasis sistem informasi geografis (SIG) studi kasus Pulau Tebing Tinggi. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik. Vol. 4 No. 2, Oktober 2017. Hal 1-11
  19. Putra, R., Sutriyono, E., Kadir, S., Iskandar, I., Lestari, D.O. 2019. Dynamical link of peat fires in South Sumatra and the climate modes in the Indo-Pacific Region. Indonesian Journal of Geography, Vol. 51 No. 1. Hal 18-22. Doi: 10.22146/ijg.35667
  20. Rasyid, F. 2014. Permasalahan dan dampak kebakaran hutan. Jurnal Lingkar Widyaiswara, Vol. 1. Hal 47-59
  21. Salsabila, H.N., Sahitya, A.F., Mahyatar, P. 2020. Spatio-temporal pattern analysis of forest fire event in South Kalimantan using integration remote sensing data and GIS for forest fire disaster mitigation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 540. Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/540/1/012011
  22. Sugiyanto, S. 2019. Kearifan local petani dan kelestarian gambut (studi kasus Desa Lukun, Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Timur). Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Vol. 6 No. 1. Hal 4-5
  23. Thoha, A.S., Saharjo, B.H., Boer, R., Ardiansyah, M. 2014. Spatiotemporal distribution of peatland and land fires in Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Vol. 3 No. 3. Pp 163-170. Doi: 10.11648.j.aff.20140303.14
  24. Wosten, J.H.M., Clymans, E., Page, S.E., Riley, J.O., Limin, S.H. 2008. Peat-water interrelationship in a tropical peatland ecosystem in Southeast Asia. Catena, Vol. 73 No.2. pp. 212-228. Doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2007.07.010
  25. Zubaidah, A., Vetrita, Y., Khomarudin, M.R. 2014. Validasi hotspot MODIS di wilayah Sumatera dan Kalimantan berdasarkan data penginderaan jauh SPOT-4 tahun 2012. Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh, Vol. 11 No. 1, Juni 2014. Hal 1-14

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-10-13 16:45:38

No citation recorded.