Kontaminan Logam Berat (Pb, Cd, dan Cu) pada Tanah dari Pemupukan Berbasis Jerami Padi

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Suplemen unsur hara pada tanah untuk memperbaiki kualitas lahan dapat dilakukan dengan pemupukan baik organik maupun anorganik yang tidak terlepas dari bahan cemaran logam berat di dalamnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kontaminan logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Cu pada tanah dan gabah serta produktivitas padi dari berbagai pemupukan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari: Kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), Jerami segar, Jerami melapuk, Kompos jerami, Pupuk NPK, NPK+jerami segar, NPK+jerami melapuk, NPK+kompos jerami, NPK+Pupuk kandang, dan Pupuk kandang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat semua peningkatan kandungan logam berat Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, dan Cu²⁺ pada tanah. Berbeda pada gabah yang serapan tertinggi logam berat Pb dan Cd tertinggi pada perlakuan NPK+Jerami Segar dan NPK+Jerami Melapuk pada logam berat Cu. Persentase penurunan serapan Pb dan Cd dari tanah ke gabah tertinggi dari pupuk Jerami Segar dan kompos jerami yaitu 14% dan 3%, tetapi kompos jerami meningkatkan serapan tertinggi terhadap logam berat Cu dari tanah ke gabah yaitu 94% dengan produktivitas padi tertinggi menggunakan pupuk NPK+Kompos Jerami.

Kata kunci: Kontaminan Logam Berat, Pemupukan, Lahan Sawah

ABSTRACT

Supplementation of nutrients in the soil to improve land quality can be done by fertilizing both organic and inorganic which cannot be separated from the heavy metals in it. The aim of the study was to study the heavy metal contaminants Pb, Cd, and Cu in the soil and grain as well as the productivity of rice from various fertilizers. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 10 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of: control (without treatment), fresh straw, rotted straw, straw compost, NPK fertilizer, NPK + fresh straw, NPK + weathered straw, NPK + straw compost, NPK + manure, and manure. The results showed all increases in the heavy metal content of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ in the soil. In contrast to grain, the highest absorption of heavy metals Pb and Cd was highest in the treatment of NPK+Fresh Straw and NPK+Rotated Straw on Cu heavy metal. The highest percentage decrease in Pb and Cd absorption from soil to grain was from Fresh Straw and straw compost, namely 14% and 3%, but straw compost increased the highest absorption of Cu heavy metal from soil to grain, which was 94% with the highest rice productivity using NPK + Compost Straw

Keywords:  Heavy metal contaminants, Fertilization, Rice field