DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.22.5.1255-1262

Assessing the Effectiveness of CCME-WQI, NSF-WQI, OWQI, and Smith Index Water Quality Indices in Karst Areas

1Master of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia

2Departemen Geografi Lingkungan, Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 15 May 2023; Revised: 17 Mar 2024; Accepted: 16 May 2024; Available online: 7 Aug 2024; Published: 12 Aug 2024.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

Water quality assessment employs various methods, including water quality indices (WQI). This study compares several WQI methods to evaluate Sumurup River and Seropan Underground River in Gunungkidul Regency. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of CCME-WQI, NSF-WQI, OWQI, and Smith Index methods. Parameter selection was conducted using Principal Component Analysis, and the NSF-WQI method was found to best represent water quality in the study area. OWQI produced consistently poor results due to an overly idealized formula, while CCME-WQI's sensitivity to parameter number reduced its effectiveness. The Smith Index, based on New Zealand standards, yielded the lowest quality results, regardless of parameter modifications. Thus, NSF-WQI is recommended for assessing water quality in karst areas like Sumurup and Seropan Underground Rivers. This research underscores the importance of selecting appropriate WQI methods tailored to specific environmental conditions to support effective water resource management and conservation efforts.

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Keywords: Water Quality Index; Principal Component Analysis; Karst; Water Quality; Environmental Assessment
Funding: Universitas Gajah Mada under contract MU123123

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Section: Research Article
Language : EN
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