DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.22.4.1078-1087

Tinjauan Strategi Pengemasan Buah dan Sayur dalam Memerangi Food Loss dalam Rantai Pasokan Pascapanen di Indonesia

1Department of Environmental Engineering, Indonesia

2Faculty of Engineering, Indonesia

3Universitas Andalas, Indonesia

4 Department of Agroindustrial Technology,, Indonesia

5 Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Indonesia

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Received: 6 Oct 2023; Revised: 2 Jan 2024; Accepted: 6 Mar 2024; Available online: 28 May 2024; Published: 7 Jun 2024.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran segar memiliki umur simpan yang pendek, terutama jika diangkut secara global, sehingga menimbulkan risiko kehilangan pangan/ food loss yang tinggi, terutama di Indonesia. Pentingnya mengatasi kerugian pangan pascapanen memerlukan optimalisasi rantai pasok, sebuah tugas yang rumit mengingat beragamnya faktor penyebab antar produk dan rantai pasok. Tinjauan ini menawarkan strategi pengemasan untuk meningkatkan umur simpan produk segar di seluruh rantai pasokan. Melalui kajian literatur yang sistematis, 57 artikel yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2014 hingga 2023 di beberapa negara, dipelajari faktor-faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap kehilangan pangan. Ini meliputi suhu udara, kelembaban relatif, dan gas pematangan, yang dipengaruhi oleh fisiologi pascapanen, yang menyebabkan perubahan kualitas, matang berlebihan, dan pembusukan mikroba. Tidak adanya rantai dingin, pemantauan kualitas yang tidak memadai, dan manajemen inventaris yang kurang optimal dalam rantai pasokan memperburuk tantangan ini. Identifikasi penyebab kehilangan pangan higrotermal memungkinkan dilakukannya mitigasi terhadap inefisiensi dalam penyimpanan dan pengemasan. Solusi praktisnya mencakup penyesuaian suhu penyimpanan, meningkatkan ventilasi kemasan untuk pendinginan optimal, menjaga kondisi kelembapan yang sesuai, dan menyesuaikan komposisi gas berdasarkan fisiologi unik komoditas. Langkah-langkah pemantauan rantai pasokan juga dirinci guna membantu dalam memahami beragam tindakan, mempercepat pengambilan keputusan, dan mendorong upaya kolaboratif untuk memerangi kerugian pascapanen.
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Keywords: buah dan sayur; food loss; rantai pasokan; pascapanen; pengemasan

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