DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.23.1.73-84

Pengaruh Kecepatan Rotasi Unit Modifikasi Rotating Biological Contactor terhadap Kinerja Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit

1Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia

2Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Arsitektur Lanskap dan Teknologi Lingkungan, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 29 Feb 2024; Revised: 11 May 2024; Accepted: 10 Jul 2024; Available online: 21 Jan 2025; Published: 27 Jan 2025.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

Limbah cair kelapa sawit (LCKS) mengandung bahan organik dan padatan tersuspensi yang tinggi sehingga berbahaya jika dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa melalui proses pengolahan. Beberapa modifikasi unit pengolahan biologis terus dikembangkan untuk mengolah LCKS, antara lain unit rotating biological contactor (RBC). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh variasi kecepatan rotasi dan penggunaan bioball terhadap kinerja unit modifikasi RBC. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan unit RBC berskala laboratorium dengan variasi kecepatan rotasi sebesar 3, 5, dan 8 rpm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan rotasi secara signifikan memengaruhi kinerja sistem RBC. Penurunan kecepatan rotasi dari 8 rpm menjadi 3 rpm meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) secara signifikan dari 62% menjadi 67,4% dan efisiensi total suspended solid (TSS) dari 66% menjadi 92,4%. Kecepatan rotasi rendah pada kandungan organik dan padatan tersuspensi yang tinggi akan memungkinkan lebih banyak waktu kontak antara LCKS dan mikroorganisme sehingga proses transfer oksigen menjadi lebih optimal untuk proses biodegradasi substrat. Walaupun efisiensi SCOD dan TSS mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, nilai konsentrasi kedua parameter belum memenuhi baku mutu. Oleh karena itu, unit modifikasi RBC perlu diintegrasikan dengan unit pra-pengolahan seperti koagulasi-flokulasi atau media pertumbuhan attached growth tipe lain, seperti honeycomb untuk menghasilkan nilai konsentrasi efluen yang lebih optimum.

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Keywords: bioball; kecepatan rotasi; limbah cair kelapa sawit; rotating biological contactor; transfer oksigen

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