DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.23.1.266-274

Karakteristik dan Kemampuan Vegetasi Pantai dalam Menghadapi Bahaya Erosi di Kepesisiran Adipala – Cilacap

1Coastal and Watershed Research Group, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia, Indonesia

2Magister Ilmu Lingkungan, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55284 Indonesia, Indonesia

3Magister Ilmu Lingkungan, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia

Received: 2 Apr 2024; Revised: 7 Jul 2024; Accepted: 23 Aug 2024; Available online: 21 Jan 2025; Published: 27 Jan 2025.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

Salah satu lingkungan kepesisiran di Indonesia yang menghadapi ancaman erosi pantai adalah Adipala di Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Fenomena erosi pantai di Adipala sudah merusak infrastruktur dan mengganggu keberlangsungan hidup masyarakat. Dampak erosi pantai dapat diminimalisir dengan memanfaatkan ekosistem pantai. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan kemampuan vegetasi pantai dalam menghadapi bahaya erosi di kepesisiran Adipala. Pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung di lapangan terhadap ekosistem mangrove dan cemara udang menggunakan teknik transek dan plot dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan kondisi atau kualitas vegetasi, termasuk komposisi jenis, kerapatan, keragaman, dan struktur, serta deskripsi kondisi vegetasi. Analisis kualitatif juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan tekstur tanah habitat ekosistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa erosi pantai di Adipala belum dapat dimitigasi dengan efektif menggunakan ekosistem pantai. Di pantai Cemara Sewu, karakteristik tanahnya berupa pasiran dan sulit untuk menahan keberadaan air serta unsur hara pada tanah. Vegetasi yang dominan di pantai adalah cemara udang yang lebih berfungsi sebagai penahan angin. Ekosistem mangrove dominan di sekitar muara Sungai Adiraja juga terancam rusak karena timbunan sampah laut. Upaya mitigasi erosi pantai berbasis ekosistem pantai, dalam hal ini mangrove dan cemara udang, kurang disarankan untuk mengatasi dan menahan laju erosi di lingkungan kepesisiran Adipala. Data dan hasil analisis diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan para pengambil kebijakan dalam merumuskan strategi dan rekomendasi upaya mitigasi erosi pantai yang tepat dan sesuai dengan kondisi di lingkungan kepesisiran Adipala.

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Keywords: ekosistem pantai; mangrove; Casuarina equisetifolia; mitigasi erosi pantai; pantai selatan Jawa
Funding: Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada

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