DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.23.5.1253-1268

Analisis Kerawanan Longsor dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process dan Information Value di Kecamatan Lembang–Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Departemen Geografi Lingkungan, Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 13 Aug 2024; Revised: 19 Sep 2025; Accepted: 25 Sep 2025; Available online: 30 Sep 2025; Published: 8 Oct 2025.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

Kecamatan Lembang merupakan salah satu daerah yang sering dilanda bencana tanah longsor. Kejadian longsor di daerah tersebut tidak jarang menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi dan korban jiwa. Sejauh ini, belum ada satupun penelitian yang membandingkan metode pemetaan kerawanan tanah longsor, misalnya analytical hierarchy process (AHP) dan information value (IV), di daerah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan (1) memetakan dan menganalisis distribusi spasial tingkat kerawanan longsor dan (2) membandingkan serta menganalisis metode AHP dan IV untuk kajian kerawanan longsor di Kecamatan Lembang. Sebanyak delapan parameter kerawanan longsor digunakan dalam pemetaan, seperti ketinggian, kemiringan lereng, arah hadap lereng, jarak terhadap patahan, jarak terhadap sungai, jarak terhadap jalan, litologi, dan penggunaan lahan. Semua parameter tersebut kemudian ditumpangsusunkan (overlay) sehingga menghasilkan peta kerawanan tanah longsor. Hasil peta kerawanan tersebut kemudian dibagi menjadi 5 kelas: sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi. Uji akurasi juga dilakukan terhadap kedua metode pemetaan. Metode IV memiliki akurasi yang lebih tinggi daripada metode AHP dengan nilai 68% berbanding 56%. Pola kelas kerawanan tinggi dan sangat tinggi di kedua peta tersebut berasosiasi dengan hutan dan jaringan sungai. Selain itu, analisis ini juga menunjukkan kualitas data parameter dan ketersediaan basis data kejadian penting untuk menghasilkan peta yang lebih representatif.

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Keywords: kerawanan, tanah longsor, analytical hierarchy process, information value, GIS

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