DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.6.1551-1560

Analisis Distribusi Spasial dan Perubahan Temporal Kualitas Air Sungai Menggunakan Metode K-Means di Provinsi Gorontalo Tahun 2022-2024

1Department of Statistics, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia

2Department of Environmental Engineering, Nahdlatul Ulama University Gorontalo, Indonesia

3Department of Statistics, Nahdlatul Ulama University Gorontalo, Indonesia

Received: 7 Dec 2025; Revised: 9 Oct 2026; Accepted: 16 Oct 2026; Available online: 2 Nov 2026; Published: 6 Nov 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Kualitas air sungai di Provinsi Gorontalo menunjukkan dinamika yang dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas permukiman, pertanian, dan industri. Pemantauan berbasis analisis data diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi pola perubahan karakteristik kualitas air pada berbagai lokasi pengamatan serta mendukung penentuan lokasi yang memerlukan perhatian lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pola cluster kualitas air selama periode 2022–2024 berdasarkan 20 pos pengamatan menggunakan algoritma K-Means dengan lima parameter fisikokimia, yaitu oksigen terlarut (DO), pH, suhu, daya hantar listrik (DHL), dan total suspended solids (TSS), serta mengevaluasi perubahan keanggotaan cluster selama tiga tahun pengamatan. Data distandardisasi menggunakan Z score agar perbedaan skala antarparameter tidak mendominasi proses pengelompokan. Jumlah cluster dievaluasi menggunakan metode Elbow dan Silhouette Coefficient. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa metode Elbow mengindikasikan π‘˜ = 2 dan π‘˜ = 3 sebagai alternatif jumlah cluster yang dapat dipertimbangkan, sedangkan nilai Silhouette tertinggi diperoleh pada π‘˜ = 2. Dalam penelitian ini, π‘˜ = 3 dipertahankan untuk memperoleh resolusi pengelompokan yang lebih rinci, khususnya dalam mengidentifikasi kelompok intermediate dan menelusuri perubahan keanggotaan cluster antarperiode 2022–2024. Hasil clustering menunjukkan adanya perbedaan karakteristik fisikokimia antarcluster serta perubahan keanggotaan cluster pada sejumlah lokasi. Beberapa lokasi menunjukkan karakteristik yang relatif konsisten, sedangkan lokasi lainnya mengalami perubahan keanggotaan antarperiode. Perubahan cluster diinterpretasikan sebagai perubahan karakteristik relatif terhadap struktur data, bukan sebagai penetapan langsung status mutu air atau bukti peningkatan pencemaran. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi awal mengenai distribusi spasial dan perubahan temporal karakteristik kualitas air yang

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Keywords: Kualitas Air; K- Means; Clustering; Distribusi Spasial; Perubahan Temporal

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Section: Research Article
Language : ID
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