DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.6.1484-1496

Intention and Willingness for Digital Participation in Marine Waste Management in Batam, Indonesia: Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior and Adaptive Capacity

Universitas Pertamina, Indonesia

Received: 17 Dec 2025; Revised: 5 Oct 2026; Accepted: 8 Oct 2026; Available online: 2 Nov 2026; Published: 6 Nov 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

Citation Format:
Abstract
This study examines the factors influencing intention and willingness for digital participation in marine waste management in Batam, Indonesia, by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with adaptive capacity. A survey was conducted among 450 digitally active adult residents of Batam, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Adaptive capacity had significant positive effects on intention (β = 0.790, p < 0.001) and willingness to participate (β = 0.613, p < 0.001). Intention also significantly predicted willingness to participate (β = 0.775, p < 0.001). In contrast, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control showed no significant direct effects on either intention or willingness to participate. The model explained 62.2% of the variance in intention and 60.1% of the variance in willingness to participate. These findings suggest that, among digitally active residents of Batam, the ability to adjust digital practices, learn, collaborate, and use social media platforms may be more important than favorable attitudes or social pressure alone in shaping readiness for participation. The findings can inform digital literacy initiatives, community-based marine debris reporting, online campaigns, and government–community collaboration. However, the study captures stated intention and willingness rather than actual participation or direct environmental outcomes.
Fulltext View|Download Email colleagues
Keywords: adaptive capacity; digital participation; intention; marine waste management; Theory of Planned Behavior; willingness to participate

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : EN
Most cited articles
Perencanaan Kegiatan Wisata Pendidikan Dalam Kawasan Geopark Rinjani Lombok Berbasis Daya Dukung Lingkungan (Studi Daerah Aik Berik) HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN ETIKA LINGKUNGAN DENGAN SIKAP DAN PERILAKU MENJAGA KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN Uji Toksisitas Akut Dalam Penentuan LC50-96H Insektisida Klorpirifos Terhadap Dua Jenis Ikan Budidaya Danau Kembar, Sumatera Barat POTENSI GLISEROL DALAM PEMBUATAN TURUNAN GLISEROL MELALUI PROSES ESTERIFIKASI Analisis Penyebab Masyarakat Tetap Tinggal di Kawasan Rawan Bencana Gunung Merapi (Studi di Lereng Gunung Merapi Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta) More cited articles
  1. Adam, I. (2022). Rational and Moral Antecedents of Tourists’ Intention to Use Reusable Alternatives to Single-Use Plastics. Journal of Travel Research, 62(5), 949–968. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221105860
  2. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  3. Alharbi, K. M., Elshamly, A., & Mahgoub, I. G. (2025). Do Regulatory Pressures and Stakeholder Expectations Drive CSR Adherence in the Chemical Industry? In Sustainability (Vol. 17, Issue 5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052128
  4. Cao, Xun, Zeng, Runxi, & Evans, Richard. (2021). Digital activism and collective mourning by Chinese netizens during COVID-19. China Information, 36(2), 159–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X211054172
  5. Chekirova, A. (2022). Social Media and Cross-Border Political Participation: A Case Study of Kyrgyz Migrants’ Online Activism. In Social Sciences (Vol. 11, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11080370
  6. Cheng, Edmund W, Lui, Elizabeth, & Fu, King-wa. (2023). The power of digital activism for transnational advocacy: Leadership, engagement, and affordance. New Media & Society, 26(11), 6416–6439. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231155376
  7. Chubarenko, B., Woelfel, J., Hofmann, J., Aldag, S., Beldowski, J., Burlakovs, J., Garrels, T., Gorbunova, J., Guizani, S., Kupczyk, A., Kotwicki, L., Domnin, D., Gajewska, M., Hogland, W., Kołecka, K., Nielsen, J., & Schubert, H. (2021). Converting beach wrack into a resource as a challenge for the Baltic Sea (an overview). Ocean & Coastal Management, 200, 105413. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105413
  8. Concari, A., Kok, G., & Martens, P. (2020). A Systematic Literature Review of Concepts and Factors Related to Pro-Environmental Consumer Behaviour in Relation to Waste Management Through an Interdisciplinary Approach. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114452
  9. D’Amico, G., Szopik-Depczyńska, K., Dembińska, I., & Ioppolo, G. (2021). Smart and sustainable logistics of Port cities: A framework for comprehending enabling factors, domains and goals. Sustainable Cities and Society, 69, 102801. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102801
  10. Dushkova, D., & Ivlieva, O. (2024). Empowering Communities to Act for a Change: A Review of the Community Empowerment Programs towards Sustainability and Resilience. In Sustainability (Vol. 16, Issue 19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198700
  11. Grace, O., Iqbal, K., & Rabbi, F. (2023). Creating Sustainable Urban Environments: The Vital Link between Development, Health, and Smart Cities. International Journal of Sustainable Infrastructure for Cities and Societies, 8(1 SE-Articles), 53–72. https://vectoral.org/index.php/IJSICS/article/view/6
  12. Gunasekara, M. I., Mahawaththa, I., Madhubhashini, D., & Amarasena, K. (2025). Pollution from Land-Based Sources. In Coastal and Marine Pollution (pp. 27–44). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394237029.ch2
  13. Guo, X., Fan, Z., Zhu, H., Chen, X., Wang, M., & Fu, H. (2022). Willingness to Pay for Healthy Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Evidence From Eye-Tracking Experiment. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.855671
  14. Hafferty, C., Reed, M. S., Brockett, B. F. T., Orford, S., Berry, R., Short, C., & Davis, J. (2024). Engagement in the digital age: Understanding “what works” for participatory technologies in environmental decision-making. Journal of Environmental Management, 365, 121365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121365
  15. Hasfi, N., Fisher, M. R., & Sahide, M. A. K. (2021). Overlooking the victims: Civic engagement on Twitter during Indonesia’s 2019 fire and haze disaster. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 60, 102271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102271
  16. Jambeck, J., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K. L. (2015). the Ocean : the Ocean : Marine Pollution, 347(6223), 768-. https://science.sciencemag.org/CONTENT/347/6223/768.abstract
  17. Jirasit, A. (2024). The impact of social media campaigns on reducing plastic waste in Thailand’s coastal areas. Studies in Social Science & Humanities, 3(10), 44–49
  18. Kangana, N., Kankanamge, N., De Silva, C., Goonetilleke, A., Mahamood, R., & Ranasinghe, D. (2024). Bridging Community Engagement and Technological Innovation for Creating Smart and Resilient Cities: A Systematic Literature Review. In Smart Cities (Vol. 7, Issue 6, pp. 3823–3852). https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7060147
  19. Khaliqi, M. ri., Ramadhani, A., Pane, T. C., Sinaga, F. H., Darmansyah, D., & Sari, I. R. M. (2023). Indonesian consumers’ willingness to pay for organic coffee. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1230(1), 12019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012019
  20. Kloppenburg, S., Gupta, A., Kruk, S. R. L., Makris, S., Bergsvik, R., Korenhof, P., Solman, H., & Toonen, H. M. (2022). Scrutinizing environmental governance in a digital age: New ways of seeing, participating, and intervening. One Earth, 5(3), 232–241
  21. Kurniawan, T. A., Haider, A., Ahmad, H. M., Mohyuddin, A., Umer Aslam, H. M., Nadeem, S., Javed, M., Othman, M. H. D., Goh, H. H., & Chew, K. W. (2023). Source, occurrence, distribution, fate, and implications of microplastic pollutants in freshwater on environment: A critical review and way forward. Chemosphere, 325, 138367. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138367
  22. Lippke, S., Dahmen, A., Gao, L., Guza, E., & Nigg, C. R. (2021). To what extent is internet activity predictive of psychological well-being? Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 207–219
  23. Lipschitz, J. M., Pike, C. K., Hogan, T. P., Murphy, S. A., & Burdick, K. E. (2023). The engagement problem: a review of engagement with digital mental health interventions and recommendations for a path forward. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 10(3), 119–135
  24. Nahum-Shani, I., Shaw, S. D., Carpenter, S. M., Murphy, S. A., & Yoon, C. (2022). Engagement in digital interventions. American Psychologist, 77(7), 836
  25. Nurhati, I. S., & Cordova, M. R. (2020). Marine Plastic Debris in Indonesia: Baseline Estimates (2010-2019) and Monitoring Strategy (2021-2025). Marine Research in Indonesia, 45(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v45i2.581
  26. Rahman, A., Sofiyah, E. S., Sianipar, I. M. J., Edwisafira, A., Suhardono, S., Lee, C.-H., Nguyen, V. V., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2025). Evaluating tourist importance-performance and support for development in Komodo National Park. Environmental Challenges, 101229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2025.101229
  27. Rahman, A., Suhardono, S., Sofiyah, E. S., Sianipar, I. M. J., Lee, C.-H., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2025). Impact of COVID-19 on visitor attitude and management strategies at Komodo National Park: Insights for enhancing park adaptive experience. Trees, Forests and People, 20, 100825. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100825
  28. Roth, T., & Salikutluk, Z. (2012). Attitudes and expectations: do attitudes towards education mediate the relationship between social networks and parental expectations? British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33(5), 701–722. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2012.668835
  29. Sari, M. M., Andarani, P., Notodarmojo, S., Harryes, R. K., Nguyen, M. N., Yokota, K., & Inoue, T. (2022). Plastic pollution in the surface water in Jakarta, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 182, 114023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114023
  30. Sharma, S., Kar, A. K., Gupta, M. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Janssen, M. (2022). Digital citizen empowerment: A systematic literature review of theories and development models. Information Technology for Development, 28(4), 660–687. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2022.2046533
  31. Sianipar, I. M. J., & Lee, C.-H. (2025). Community importance-performance preferences and policy adaptiveness in marine debris management: A case study from the Komodo Subdistrict, Indonesia. Marine Policy, 174, 106592. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106592
  32. Sianipar, I. M. J., Lee, C.-H., Wang, H.-J., Kim, D.-C., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2025). Adaptive strategies and community engagement for sustainable conservation and tourism in Komodo National Park, Indonesia. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 13(3), 335–349. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2024.09.004
  33. Sianipar, I. M. J., Suryawan, I. W. K., & Tarigan, S. R. (2022). The Challenges and Future of Marine Debris Policy in Indonesia and Taiwan Case Studies. Journal of Sustainable Infrastructure, 1(2 SE-Articles), 56–62. file://jsi.universitaspertamina.ac.id/index.php/jsi/article/view/9
  34. Sofiyah, E. S., Sianipar, I. M. J., Rahman, A., Caesarina, N. P., Suhardono, S., Suryawan, I. W. K., & Lee, C.-H. (2025). Adaptive governance in the water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus for sustainable community sanitation. World Development Sustainability, 100220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2025.100220
  35. Suhardono, S., Fitria, L., Prayogo, W., Lee, C.-H., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2025). Enhancing community engagement with digital twins: Technological adoption in marine debris management. Journal of Urban Management. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2025.04.008
  36. Suryawan, I. W. K., Sianipar, I. M. J., & Lee, C.-H. (2024). Reshaping marine debris management post-COVID-19: Integrating adaptive attributes for enhanced community engagement. Ocean & Coastal Management, 253, 107149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107149
  37. Suryawan, I. W. K., Suhardono, S., & Lee, C.-H. (2024). Boosting beach clean-up participation through community resilience hypothetical scenarios. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 207
  38. Ulhasanah, N., & Goto, N. (2018). Assessment of citizens’ environmental behavior toward municipal solid waste management for a better and appropriate system in Indonesia: a case study of Padang City. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 20(2), 1257–1272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0691-4
  39. Ulhasanah, N., Sari, M. M., Sarwono, A., Johari, K., Suhardono, S., Sanda, D. V., Netriyunita, N., Lee, C.-H., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2025). Exploratory factors in community-based adaptation strategies for managing marine microplastics. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 82, 104015. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2025.104015
  40. Ulhasanah, N., Suhardono, S., Lee, C.-H., Faza, A. S., Zahir, A., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2025). Modelling participation in waste bank initiatives at public transport hubs to advance circular economy development. Discover Sustainability, 6(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-00940-4
  41. Vijayan, R. V., Krishnan, M. M., Parayitam, S., Anantharaman Duraisami, S. P., & Saravanaselvan, N. R. (2023). Exploring e-waste recycling behaviour intention among the households: Evidence from India. Cleaner Materials, 7, 100174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100174
  42. Wall, G. (1995). Barriers to Individual Environmental Action: The Influence of Attitudes and Social Experiences. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie, 32(4), 465–489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1995.tb00182.x
  43. Widiastutie, S., Maarif, D., Saraswati, D. P., Sianipar, I. M. J., Phan, T. T. T., & Nguyen, V. V. (2025). Residents’ adaptive marine plastic litter management in Galang Island, Indonesia: An importance-performance analysis. Marine Policy, 172, 106508. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106508
  44. Wilson, D. C. (2023). Learning from the past to plan for the future: An historical review of the evolution of waste and resource management 1970–2020 and reflections on priorities 2020–2030 – The perspective of an involved witness. Waste Management & Research, 41(12), 1754–1813. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X231178025
  45. Wu, H.-H. (2022). A study on transnational regulatory governance for marine plastic debris: Trends, challenges, and prospect. Marine Policy, 136, 103988. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103988
  46. Yang, B. C., Lee, C. H., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2024). Financial Support in E-waste Management within a Circular Economy with Structural Equation Modeling Analysis from Taiwan. Circular Economy and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-024-00459-2
  47. Zhang, Z., Yu, J., & Tian, J. (2024). Community Participation, Social Capital Cultivation and Sustainable Community Renewal: A Case Study from Xi’an’s Southern Suburbs, China. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(3), 11007–11040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01536-x
  48. Zhao, S., Duan, W., Zhao, D., & Song, Q. (2022). Identifying the influence factors of residents’ low-carbon behavior under the background of “Carbon Neutrality”: An empirical study of Qingdao city, China. Energy Reports, 8, 6876–6886. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.05.023

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2026-11-06 21:28:58

No citation recorded.