DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.5.1077-1086

Comparison of Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) Waste Accumulation Between Floors in Two Swiftlet Houses Based on Microhabitat Characteristics

Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Kampus Unesa 2, Jalan Kampus Unesa Lidah, Lidah Wetan, Surabaya, Indonesia 60213, Indonesia

Received: 31 Dec 2025; Revised: 28 Aug 2026; Accepted: 30 Aug 2026; Available online: 29 Sep 2026; Published: 30 Sep 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
The swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) is one of Indonesia’s most economically valuable species. However, swiftlet farming also poses environmental problems, one of which is droppings. Swiftlet droppings (Aerodramus fuciphagus) are a form of organic waste produced by the birds’ metabolic processes and contain various nutrients, thus requiring proper management. Measuring the wet weight of swiftlet droppings can provide insight into the activity and number of individuals within a colony. This study aims to analyze variations in the accumulation of wet weight of swiftlet droppings based on floor, building, colony type, and observation period, as well as to evaluate their relationship with microhabitat characteristics at two swiftlet houses in Gresik Regency, East Java. Droppings were collected over four periods at two-week intervals, namely, in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks, along with measurements of temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Fecal weight data were analyzed using a linear mixed model with observation containers as subjects and observation periods as repeated measures, while microhabitat relationships were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that in Building 1, floor level had no significant effect on feces accumulation (p=0.926); colony type (p=0.024) and observation period (p=0.008) had significant effects, whereas the interaction between location and floor level was not significant (p=0.418). Colonies consisting of both adult and juvenile birds showed higher droppings accumulation compared to colonies consisting of adult birds only. The microhabitat model was simultaneously significant (p=0.031) and explained 51.0% of the variation in average droppings weight (R²=0.510), although it was not significant when analyzed partially. This study can serve as preliminary information to support the management of organic waste in swiftlet houses. However, this study was limited to two swiftlet houses with unbalanced floor structures, used wet weight measurements, and did not account for several ecological factors and other building characteristics.

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Keywords: Accumulation of droppings; Swiftlet; Colonies; Building floors; Microhabitats

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Section: Research Article
Language : EN
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