DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.6.1520-1530

5CR: A Conceptual Model of Collaborative Carbon Credit Initiatives for Coastal Community Resilience and Sustainable Economy in Makassar, South Sulawesi

1Departemen of Geography, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

2Golden Gate School, Indonesia

Received: 20 Feb 2026; Revised: 6 Oct 2026; Accepted: 14 Oct 2026; Available online: 2 Nov 2026; Published: 6 Nov 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

Citation Format:
Abstract

This study aims to measure blue carbon absorption, analyze the economic value of carbon credits, and formulate a conceptual 5CR model. The research was conducted in the mangrove conservation areas of Lantebung and Untia. Measurements were carried out at six points using 10 × 10 meter plots with 25 meter transect spacing. The results of Above Ground Biomass (AGB), expressed in Mg C ha⁻¹, were as follows: Point 1 had an AGB of 36,232.78 and organic carbon of 160.85%; Point 2 had an AGB of 111,552.93 and organic carbon of 160.08%; Point 3 had an AGB of 18,040.16 and organic carbon of 167.85%; Point 4 had an AGB of 9,350.6 and organic carbon of 148.85%; Point 5 had an AGB of 61,667.23 and organic carbon of 139.26%; and Point 6 had an AGB of 25,884.65 and soil carbon of 135.72%. The total economic value of blue carbon in both locations, based on carbon conversion, was estimated at USD 7.48 million per year (IDR 124.22 billion/year) or USD 124.34 thousand per hectare per year (IDR 2.06 billion/ha/year). The 5CR concept serves as a conceptual framework consisting of blue carbon collaboration networks, knowledge management, and an enabler. The 5CR framework is supported by five key activities to enhance coastal community resilience: carbon credit awareness and education, strengthening collaborative coastal communities, mangrove resilience and blue carbon enhancement, digital monitoring and carbon tracking systems, and sustainable coastal community resilience and carbon credit economy.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Research Results
Sertifikat Hasil Uji Tanah Sedimen an. Kadek Irayasa
Subject
Type Research Results
  Download (815KB)    Indexing metadata
Email colleagues
Keywords: Blue Carbon, Mangrove, and 5CR

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : EN
Most cited articles
IDENTIFIKASI KEMISKINAN AIR DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CITARUM HULU: KASUS DAERAH BANDUNG RAYA Strategi Pembangunan Pertanian Berkelanjutan di Pedesaan Berbasis Citra Drone (Studi Kasus Desa Sukadamai Kabupaten Bogor) KAJIAN DAMPAK KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT KEGIATAN PENAMBANGAN PASIR DI DESA KENINGAR DAERAH KAWASAN GUNUNG MERAPI Studi Pendahuluan Cemaran Air Limbah Rumah Potong Hewan di Kota Mataram BACTERIAL Cr (VI) REDUCTION AND ITS IMPACT IN BIOREMEDIATION More cited articles
  1. Ahmed, Yasser, Cahyadi Adhe Kurniawan, Ganis Riyan Efendi, Rudhi Pribadi, Frans Alexander Nainggolan, and Mohamad Bangkit Gunung Surya Samudra. 2023. “Estimasi Cadangan Karbon Mangrove Berdasarkan Perbedaan Tahun Tanam Rehabilitasi Mangrove (2005, 2008, 2011, 2014 Dan 2017) Di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Pandansari, Kabupaten Brebes.” Buletin Oseanografi Marina 12(1):9–19. doi: 10.14710/buloma.v12i1.40871
  2. Alongi, Daniel M. 2008. “Mangrove Forests: Resilience, Protection from Tsunamis, and Responses to Global Climate Change.” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 76(1):1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.08.024
  3. Arfan, Amal, Wahidah Sanusi, and Muhammad Rakib. 2023. “Analisis Kerapatan Mangrove Menggunakan Metode NDVI Di Kawasan Mangrove Untia Kota Makassar.” Jurnal Environmental Science 5(2). doi: 10.35580/jes.v5i2.45308
  4. Asbar, Asbar, and Muhammad Yunus. 2022. “Estimasi Serapan Karbon Pada Substrat Dasar Berdasarkan Tingkat Kerapatan Mangrove Di Kawasan Ekowisata Lantebung Kota Makassar (Estimation of Carbon Absorption on Basic Substrate Based on Mangrove Density Level in The Lantebung Eco-Tourism Area, Makassar.” Journal of Indonesian Tropical Fisheries ISSN 5(1):99–109
  5. Bandera, Cesar, Fazel Keshtkar, Michael R. Bartolacci, Shiromani Neerudu, and Katia Passerini. 2017. “Knowledge Management and the Entrepreneur: Insights from Ikujiro Nonaka’s Dynamic Knowledge Creation Model (SECI).” International Journal of Innovation Studies 1(3):163–74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijis.2017.10.005
  6. Barus, Sriyanti Puspita, and Wanda Kuswanda. 2016. “Nilai Ekonomi Jasa Lingkungan Hutan Mangrove. …( S.P. Barus; W. Kuswanda).” Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Dan Konservasi Alam 13(1):29–41
  7. Bhowmik, Avit K., Rajchandar Padmanaban, Pedro Cabral, and Maria M. Romeiras. 2022. “Global Mangrove Deforestation and Its Interacting Social-Ecological Drivers: A Systematic Review and Synthesis.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 14(8):1–24. doi: 10.3390/su14084433
  8. Boone Kauffman, J., Virni B. Arifanti, Humberto Hernández Trejo, Maria del Carmen Jesús García, Jennifer Norfolk, Miguel Cifuentes, Deddy Hadriyanto, and Daniel Murdiyarso. 2017. “The Jumbo Carbon Footprint of a Shrimp: Carbon Losses from Mangrove Deforestation.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 15(4):183–88. doi: 10.1002/fee.1482
  9. Bryan-Brown, Dale N., Rod M. Connolly, Daniel R. Richards, Fernanda Adame, Daniel A. Friess, and Christopher J. Brown. 2020. “Global Trends in Mangrove Forest Fragmentation.” Scientific Reports 10(1):1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63880-1
  10. Dali, Gertrude L. A; Aheto, Denis W. n.d. “Mangrove Resource Utilization and Impacts in the Pra And.”
  11. Di, Ecopreneurship, Kota Makassar, Muh Khairul, Amal Arfan, Uca Sideng, Yosep Immanuel Chukure, Ahmad Khairi Al-jabbar, Pendidikan Geografi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, and Universitas Negeri Malang. 2023. “Potensi Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Sebagai Kawasan Geography and Environmental Education , School of Education , University of Zambia , Zambia.” 22(1):75–89
  12. Donato, Daniel C., J. Boone Kauffman, Daniel Murdiyarso, Sofyan Kurnianto, Melanie Stidham, and Markku Kanninen. 2011. “Mangroves among the Most Carbon-Rich Forests in the Tropics.” Nature Geoscience 4(5):293–97. doi: 10.1038/ngeo1123
  13. Farahisah, Harum, Fredinan Yulianda, and Hefni Effendi. 2021. “Struktur Komunitas, Cadangan Karbon, Dan Estimasi Nilai Ekonomi Mangrove Di Muara Sungai Musi.” Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26(2):228–34. doi: 10.18343/jipi.26.2.228
  14. Fitria, Anisa. 2021. “Ekosistem Mangrove Dan Mitigasi Pemanasan Global.” Jurnal Ekologi, Masyarakat Dan Sains 2(1):29–34. doi: 10.55448/ems.v2i1.20
  15. Goll, D. S., V. Brovkin, B. R. Parida, C. H. Reick, J. Kattge, P. B. Reich, P. M. Van Bodegom, and Ü. Niinemets. 2012. “Nutrient Limitation Reduces Land Carbon Uptake in Simulations with a Model of Combined Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling.” Biogeosciences 9(9):3547–69. doi: 10.5194/bg-9-3547-2012
  16. Hanifa, Syaira, Risma Nurmilah, and Andri Indrawan. 2025. “Jurnal Merpati.” Pendampingan Layanan Pajak Melalui Relawan Pajak Di Kpp Pratama Sukabumi Syaira 6(2):81–89
  17. IPCC, 2022. Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157926
  18. Jupin, J. L. J., A. C. Ruiz-Fernández, J. A. Sánchez-Cabeza, and L. H. Pérez-Bernal. 2025. “Blue Carbon in Mangrove Sediments from Mazatlán, Mexican Pacific; a Century of Urbanization and Neglect.” Catena 257(May). doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109133
  19. Kauffman JB and Donato DC. 2012. Protocols for the measurement, monitoring, and reporting of structure, biomass and C stocks in mangrove forests. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forest Research. Working paper 86
  20. Khan, Waseem Razzaq, Michele Giani, Stanislao Bevilacqua, Shoaib Ahmad Anees, Kaleem Mehmood, M. Nazre, Abdul Aziz Bin Abdul Haddy, Abang Norizan Bin Abang Median, Japanie Bin Bujang, Fatin Norliyana Mohamad-Ismail, Johar Mohamed, Zaiton Samdin, Rambod Abiri, Tuan Marina Tuan-Ibrahim, Lydia Suzieana Mohammad, Hamid Reza Naji, Seemab Akram, Hazandy Abdul-Hamid, and Timothy Dube. 2025. “Derivation of Allometric Equations and Carbon Content Estimation in Mangrove Forests of Malaysia.” Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 26(October 2024):100618. doi: 10.1016/j.indic.2025.100618
  21. Komiyama, Akira, Jin Eong Ong, and Sasitorn Poungparn. 2008. “Allometry, Biomass, and Productivity of Mangrove Forests: A Review.” Aquatic Botany 89(2):128–37. doi: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.006
  22. Komiyama, Akira, Sasitorn Poungparn, and Shogo Kato. 2005. “Common Allometric Equations for Estimating the Tree Weight of Mangroves.” Journal of Tropical Ecology 21(4):471–77. doi: 10.1017/S0266467405002476
  23. Lu, Ying, and Le Wang. 2021. How to Automate Timely Large-Scale Mangrove Mapping with Remote Sensing. Vol. 264
  24. Lukman, Agung H., Muhammad F. Hidayat, Ayub Sugara, and Mochamad C. W. Arief. 2022. “Mangroves Composition, Biomass, Carbon Stock and Their Role in the Climate Change Mitigation in Bengkulu City, Indonesia.” AACL Bioflux 15(4):1975–88
  25. Macreadie, Peter I., Micheli D. P. Costa, Trisha B. Atwood, Daniel A. Friess, Jeffrey J. Kelleway, Hilary Kennedy, Catherine E. Lovelock, Oscar Serrano, and Carlos M. Duarte. 2021. Blue Carbon as a Natural Climate Solution. Vol. 2
  26. Malik, Abdul, Muhammad Ichsan Ali, Abdul Rasyid Jalil, Abdul Mannan, and Rahma Musyawarah. 2025. “Promoting Sustainable Mangrove Tourism through Payments for Ecosystem Services: Insights from Tongke-Tongke Village, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.” Regional Sustainability 6(2):100213. doi: 10.1016/j.regsus.2025.100213
  27. Malik, Abdul, and Abd Rahim. 2022. “Policy Brieaf : Karbon Biru Mangrove Dalam Mendukung Inisiatif Pembayaran Jasa Ekosistem Di Kabupaten Barru Sulawesi Selatan.” 1:1–17
  28. Marois, Darryl E., and William J. Mitsch. 2015. “Coastal Protection from Tsunamis and Cyclones Provided by Mangrove Wetlands - A Review.” International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management 11(1):71–83. doi: 10.1080/21513732.2014.997292
  29. Menéndez, Pelayo, Iñigo J. Losada, Saul Torres-Ortega, Siddharth Narayan, and Michael W. Beck. 2020. “The Global Flood Protection Benefits of Mangroves.” Scientific Reports 10(1):1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61136-6
  30. Nagelkerken, I., S. J. M. Blaber, S. Bouillon, P. Green, M. Haywood, L. G. Kirton, J. O. Meynecke, J. Pawlik, H. M. Penrose, A. Sasekumar, and P. J. Somerfield. 2008. “The Habitat Function of Mangroves for Terrestrial and Marine Fauna: A Review.” Aquatic Botany 89(2):155–85. doi: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.007
  31. Pembangunan, Lingkungan, Program Studi, S. Ilmu, Lingkungan Pascasarjana, Jl Padang, Selasa No, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sriwijaya, Fakaultas Matematika, and Pengetahuan Alam. 2016. “Lingkungan Dan Pembangunan.” 2:292–306
  32. Rahman, Hefni Effendi, and Iman Rusmana. 2016. “Estimasi Stok Dan Serapan Karbon Pada Mangrove Di Sungai Tallo, Makassar Stock Estimation and Carbon Absorption of Mangrove in Tallo River, Makassar.” 19–28
  33. Regina Citra Kurnia Pangestu, and Anak Agung Ketut Ayuningsasi. 2024. “Pengaruh Konsumsi Energi Sektor Industri, Rumah Tangga, Dan Transportasi Terhadap Emisi Karbon Di Indonesia.” Inisiatif: Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi Dan Manajemen 3(4):297–311. doi: 10.30640/inisiatif.v3i4.3154
  34. Salam, Suryawati, Erni Indrawati, Andi Gustitantu, Andi Reski, and Puspita Ayu. 2018. “The Use and Economic Valuation of Mangrove Resource in Tongke-Tongke Mangrove Area, Sinjai District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.” Fish Scientiae 8(2)
  35. Sasmito, Sigit D., Yakov Kuzyakov, Ali Arman Lubis, Daniel Murdiyarso, Lindsay B. Hutley, Samsul Bachri, Daniel A. Friess, Christopher Martius, and Nils Borchard. 2020. “Organic Carbon Burial and Sources in Soils of Coastal Mudflat and Mangrove Ecosystems.” Catena 187(June 2019). doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104414
  36. Taillardat, Pierre, Daniel A. Friess, and Massimo Lupascu. 2018. “Mangrove Blue Carbon Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation Are Most Effective at the National Scale.” Biology Letters 14(10). doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0251
  37. Undang-undang Republik Indonesia No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (PPLH)
  38. Ward, Raymond D., Daniel A. Friess, Richard H. Day, and Richard A. Mackenzie. 2016. “Impacts of Climate Change on Mangrove Ecosystems: A Region by Region Overview.” Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2(4). doi: 10.1002/ehs2.1211
  39. Yang, Fang, Ruili Li, Mao Wang, Lin Zhang, and Wenqing Wang. 2025. “Restoration Patterns and Influencing Factors for the Vegetation Structure and Carbon Storage in Mangroves Converted from Abandoned Ponds.” Global Ecology and Conservation 58(October 2024):e03430. doi: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03430
  40. Yang, Mingyu, Lin Chen, Jiangjiang Wang, Goodluck Msigwa, Ahmed I. Osman, Samer Fawzy, David W. Rooney, and Pow Seng Yap. 2023. “Circular Economy Strategies for Combating Climate Change and Other Environmental Issues.” Environmental Chemistry Letters 21(1):55–80. doi: 10.1007/s10311-022-01499-6
  41. Zanvo, Serge M. G., Kolawolé V. Salako, Sylvanus Mensah, and Romain Glèlè Kakaï. 2023. “Impacts of Harvesting Intensity on Carbon Allocation to Species, Size Classes and Pools in Mangrove Forests, and the Relationships with Stand Structural Attributes.” Ecological Indicators 155(August). doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111037

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2026-11-06 21:28:57

No citation recorded.