DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.5.1271-1279

Pemanfaatan Abu Dasar Hasil Pembakaran Sampah Rumah Tangga untuk Produksi Blok Paving Berkelanjutan: Optimalisasi Kekuatan Tekan dan Imobilisasi Kromium

1Program Studi S1 Ilmu Lingkungan, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakart, Indonesia

2Program Studi S1 Ilmu Lingkungan, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

3Pascasarjana Ilmu Lingkungan, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

4 Program Studi D4 Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, STikes Mitra Husada Karanganyar, Indonesia

5 Program Studi S1 Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

6 Program Studi D4 Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

7 Program Studi Kesehatan Lingkungan, Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia

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Received: 15 Jun 2026; Revised: 12 Sep 2026; Accepted: 16 Sep 2026; Available online: 29 Sep 2026; Published: 30 Sep 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Pembakaran sampah rumah tangga sebagai strategi pengurangan sampah menghasilkan residu, yang mungkin mengandung logam berat dan menimbulkan risiko lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan benar. Studi ini menilai kelayakan penggunaan abu dasar hasil pembakaran sampah rumah tangga sebagai pengganti sebagian agregat halus dalam produksi paving block melalui proses pemadatan berbasis semen. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi abu dasar yang optimal berdasarkan kinerja kekuatan tekan dan untuk mengevaluasi imobilisasi kromium (Cr) setelah pemadatan. Sampel abu dasar dikumpulkan dari insinerator sampah rumah tangga skala komunitas di Kabupaten Karanganyar, Indonesia. Paving block disiapkan dengan tingkat substitusi abu dasar sebesar 0%, 10%, 20%, dan 40% (w/w) dari agregat halus. Uji kekuatan tekan dilakukan setelah 28 hari pengeringan sesuai dengan SNI 03-0691-1996. Perbedaan statistik antar campuran dievaluasi menggunakan ANOVA One Way diikuti dengan analisis post hoc. Konsentrasi kromium dianalisis menggunakan metode TCLP-AAS sebelum dan sesudah proses pemadatan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penambahan 20% abu dasar menghasilkan kekuatan tekan rata-rata tertinggi memenuhi persyaratan untuk paving block Kategori A menurut standar Indonesia. ANOVA One Way mengungkapkan perbedaan signifikan dalam kekuatan tekan di antara variasi campuran (p < 0,001). Konsentrasi kromium menurun dari 0,53 ± 0,01 mg/kg pada abu dasar mentah menjadi 0,24 ± 0,01 mg/kg pada matriks paving block yang telah dipadatkan, yang sesuai dengan efisiensi imobilisasi sebesar 54,7%. Proses pemadatan berbasis semen berkontribusi untuk mengurangi mobilitas kromium dan mendukung praktik pengelolaan sampah berkelanjutan.
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Keywords: Abu; Insinerasi; paving block; kromium; solidifikasi

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