DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.6.1427-1437

Analisis Green Logistics pada Operasional Dapur Program Makan Bergizi Gratis Menggunakan Pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment

Departement of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Widyatama, Bandung, Indonesia

Received: 14 Jul 2026; Revised: 18 Sep 2026; Accepted: 27 Sep 2026; Available online: 2 Nov 2026; Published: 6 Nov 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan program strategis nasional yang dijalankan melalui Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG), dengan aktivitas operasional yang berpotensi menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca dari penggunaan energi, transportasi, dan pengelolaan limbah. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus pada satu unit SPPG (SPPG X) yang bertujuan mengidentifikasi proses bisnis operasional, menganalisis emisi gas rumah kaca menggunakan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan pendekatan gate-to-grave mengacu pada ISO 14040:2006 dan ISO 14044:2006, serta menyusun skenario perbaikan berbasis green logistics. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi, penimbangan langsung, dan wawancara pengelola selama tujuh periode operasional, kemudian diskalakan ke basis tahunan berdasarkan kondisi operasional normal dan khusus. Penilaian dampak difokuskan pada Global Warming Potential (GWP100) dengan pedoman IPCC dan U.S. EPA WARM. Hasil menunjukkan emisi kondisi eksisting sebesar 43.716,43 kg CO2-eq/tahun, dengan penggunaan LPG dan limbah anorganik sebagai kontributor terbesar. Skenario substitusi LPG dengan energi listrik berbasis panel surya, pengelolaan limbah organik melalui kombinasi 70% TPA, 15% kompos, dan 15% biokonversi maggot, serta penggunaan kendaraan listrik berpotensi menurunkan emisi menjadi 21.815,51 kg CO2-eq/tahun atau sekitar 50%. Skenario tersebut menghilangkan emisi langsung (Scope 1) dari pembakaran bahan bakar, sedangkan emisi tidak langsung dari infrastruktur energi dan kendaraan tetap menjadi aspek yang perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Dari aspek ekonomi, OPEX selama periode evaluasi sepuluh tahun diproyeksikan turun sekitar 90% akibat penghematan biaya pembelian LPG dan bahan bakar transportasi melalui elektrifikasi, meskipun memerlukan investasi awal yang lebih tinggi. Karena penelitian hanya mencakup satu SPPG, generalisasi hasil pada SPPG lain masih terbatas. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi awal dalam pengembangan operasional SPPG yang lebih berkelanjutan.

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Keywords: LCA; MBG; Emisi Karbon

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