Perbandingan Efektivitas Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Fentanil, PCA Morfin dan Tramadol Intravena Sebagai Analgetik Pasca Operasi Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM)
Latar Belakang: Operasi Modified Radical Mastectomy menimbulkan nyeri derajat sedang hingga berat pasca operasi. Sebagian pasien yang mendapat kombinasi anagetik tramadol dan ketorolak secara berkala, masih mengeluh nyeri. PCA merupakan metode baru pemberian analgetik. Penggunaan PCA fentanil dan PCA morfin diharapkan dapat lebih efektif dalam mengatasi nyeri pasca operasi MRM.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas, efek samping dan tingkat kepuasan pasien antara penggunaan PCA fentanil, PCA morfin dan tramadol intravena sebagai analgetik pasca operasi MRM.
Metode:Dilakukan uji klinis tersamar ganda terhadap 36 pasien rencana operasi MRM yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Setelah dilakukan anestesi umum, pasien dibagi dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan pemberian analgetik pasca operasi: (1) kelompok PCA fentanil dengan fentanil loading dose 50 mcg, demand dose 20 mcg, lockout interval 10 menit, limitdose 70 mcg/jam, background infusion 30 mcg/jam; (2) kelompok PCA morfin dengan morfin loading dose 4 mg, demand dose 1 mg, lockout interval 10 menit, limit dose 6 mg/jam, tanpa background infusion; (3)kelompok tramadol yang mendapat tramadol intravena 100 mg/8jam. Dilakukan penilaian berkala skor NRS, RASS, tanda vital, efek samping dan tingkat kepuasan pasien selama 24 jam pasca operasi. Data dianalisa dengan Shapiro-Wilk dilanjutkan Kruskal-Wallis atau One way ANOVA, dianggap bermakna bila p< 0,05.
Hasil:Efektivitas terbaik pada PCA fentanil, diikuti PCA morfin lalu tramadol. Skor RASS PCA fentanil dan PCA morfin lebih rendah dari tramadol (p=0,000). Terdapat efek samping mual, muntah dan dizziness yang secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Tingkat kepuasan pasien tertinggi pada kelompok PCA fentanil, sedangkan antara kelompok PCA morfin dan tramadol tidak berbeda bermakna(p=0,009).
Simpulan: PCA fentanil dan PCA morfin lebih efektif dibandingkan tramadol. PCA fentanil memberikan tingkat kepuasan pasien yang lebih tinggi dibanding PCA morfin dan tramadol. Terdapat efek samping mual, muntah dan dizziness namun secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna.
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Last update: 2021-02-26 03:14:39
Last update: 2021-02-26 03:14:41
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