DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.13.2.99-104

Effect of leunca (Solanum nigrum) on inflammatory status in rats induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet

Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

Received: 29 Aug 2024; Revised: 22 Nov 2024; Accepted: 6 Dec 2024; Available online: 4 Jun 2025; Published: 4 Jun 2025.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: Consumption of foods that are high in calories over a long period of time is a cause of obesity and can increase proinflammatory cytokines. Leunca fruit contains various phytochemicals that act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiobesity but not many people utilize leunca fruit as daily food.

Objective: To analyze the effect of leunca fruit on TNF-α and IL-6 levels in rats induced by high fat and sucrose diet (HFSD).

Methods: The research design was Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design. The sample was 30 male Sparague Dawley rats and divided into 5 groups, namely group K1 which was given standard feed, group K2 which was induced by HFSD, group P1 which was induced by HFSD and leunca 0.8g/200gBW, group P2 which was induced by HFSD and leunca 1.6g/200gBW, and group P3 which was induced by HFSD and leunca 2.4g/200gBW. The research was conducted at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies of Gadjah Mada University (PSPG PAU UGM) Yogyakarta in January-March 2024. Testing TNF-α and IL-6 levels through rat blood serum using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Post Hoc test.

Results: There was a significant difference in TNF-α and IL-6 levels between experimental groups (p=0.00). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the P1, P2, and P3 groups that received HFSD + leunca were lower than in the K2 group that received HFSD only.

Conclusion: Leunca fruit can reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-6) in HFSD-induced rats.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  common.other
SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN DAN PERSETUJUAN PENULIS
Subject
Type Other
  Download (376KB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: antiinflammation; leunca; IL-6; TNF-α

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Effect of leunca (Solanum nigrum) on inflammatory status in rats induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet The impact of training using the team game tournament method on anemia knowledge among youth red cross (PMR) members Comparative analysis of macronutrient, vitamin, and mineral intake between stunted and non-stunted children in cirebon More recent articles
Most cited articles
Determinan kejadian stunting pada bayi usia 6 bulan di Kota Semarang Pengaruh konseling gizi dan laktasi intensif dan dukungan suami terhadap pemberian air susu ibu (asi) eksklusif sampai umur 1 bulan Back Matter Front Matter Faktor determinan produktivitas kerja pada pekerja wanita More cited articles
  1. World Health Oganization. Obesity. 2021; Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity
  2. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Riskesdas 2018. In 2018. Available from: http://www.yankes.kemkes.go.id/assets/downloads/PMK No. 57 Tahun 2013 tentang PTRM.pdf
  3. World Health Oganization. Obesity and Overweight. 2024; Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
  4. Kwaifa IK, Bahari H, Yong YK, Md Noor S. Endothelial dysfunction in obesity-induced inflammation: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Biomolecules. 2020;10(2)
  5. Zatterale F, Longo M, Naderi J, Raciti GA, Desiderio A, Miele C, et al. Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol. 2020;10(January):1–20
  6. Kawai T, Autieri M V., Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol - Cell Physiol. 2021;320(3):C375–91
  7. Djalalinia S, Qorbani M, Peykari N, Kelishadi R. Health Impacts of Obesity - Obesity Canada. Pak J Med Sci [Internet]. 2015;31(1):239–42. Available from: https://obesitycanada.ca/understanding-obesity/health-impacts-obesity/
  8. Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M, Schindler K, Busetto L, Micic D, et al. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults. Obes Facts. 2015;8(6):402–24
  9. Campisi A, Acquaviva R, Raciti G, Duro A, Rizzo M, Santagati NA. Antioxidant Activities of Solanum nigrum L. Leaf extracts determined in in vitro cellular models. Foods [Internet]. 2019;8(2):1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8020063
  10. Chen X, Dai X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Yuan L, He X, et al. Solanum nigrum Linn.: An Insight into Current Research on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol [Internet]. 2022;13(August):1–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.918071%0ASolanum
  11. Majdan M, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Active Compounds in Fruits and Inflammation in the Body. Nutrients. 2022;14(12):1–27
  12. Peng CH, Cheng JJ, Yu MH, Chung DJ, Huang CN, Wang CJ. Solanum nigrum polyphenols reduce body weight and body fat by affecting adipocyte and lipid metabolism. Food Funct [Internet]. 2020;11(1):483–92. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fo02240f
  13. Wang X, Sun Z, Wang X, Li M, Zhou B, Zhang X. Solanum nigrum L. berries extract ameliorated the alcoholic liver injury by regulating gut microbiota, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Food Res Int [Internet]. 2024;188(May):114489. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114489
  14. Nderitu KW, Mecha E, Nyachieo A. Solanum nigrum show anti-obesity effects on high-fat diet-fed Sprague Dawley rats in a randomized study. Sci African [Internet]. 2023;20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01713
  15. Stevani H. Praktikum Farmakologi. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI; 2016. 1–171 p
  16. Kobi JBBS, Matias AM, Gasparini PVF, Torezani-Sales S, Madureira AR, da Silva DS, et al. High-fat, high-sucrose, and combined high-fat/high-sucrose diets effects in oxidative stress and inflammation in male rats under presence or absence of obesity. Physiol Rep. 2023;11(7):1–13
  17. Choi J, Choi H, Ryu G, Lee J, Jeong J. Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by Solanum nigrum by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells . Exp Ther Med. 2023;26(1):1–7
  18. Adedeji TG, Jeje SO, Omayone TP, Agbonifo WO. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response to high dietary fat and carbonated soda intake in male and female Wistar rats. Nutrition [Internet]. 2022;103–104:111800. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2022.111800
  19. Swann OG, Breslin M, Kilpatrick M, O’Sullivan TA, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, et al. Dietary fibre intake and its association with inflammatory markers in adolescents. Br J Nutr. 2021;125(3):329–36
  20. Arabzadegan N, Daneshzad E, Fatahi S, Moosavian SP, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Effects of dietary whole grain, fruit, and vegetables on weight and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese women. Eat Weight Disord [Internet]. 2020;25(5):1243–51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00757-x
  21. Zhao L, Wang L, Di S ni, Xu Q, Ren Q cuo, Chen S ze, et al. Steroidal alkaloid solanine A from Solanum nigrum Linn. exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide/interferon γ-activated murine macrophages and animal models of inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother [Internet]. 2018;105(June):606–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.019
  22. Wang K, Lai W, Min T, Wei J, Bai Y, Cao H, et al. The Effect of Enteric-Derived Lipopolysaccharides on Obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(8):1–19
  23. Chylikova J, Dvorackova J, Tauber Z, Kamarad V. M1/M2 macrophage polarization in human obese adipose tissue. Biomed Pap. 2018;162(2):79–82
  24. Dong J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Bian HX, Xu N, Bao B, et al. Quercetin reduces obesity-associated ATM infiltration and inflammation in mice: A mechanism including AMPKα1/SIRT. J Lipid Res. 2014;55(3):363–74
  25. Cui Y, Chen J, Zhang Z, Shi H, Sun W, Yi Q. The role of AMPK in macrophage metabolism, function and polarisation. J Transl Med [Internet]. 2023;21(1):1–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04772-6
  26. Liang W, Qi Y, Yi H, Mao C, Meng Q, Wang H, et al. The Roles of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Human Disease. Front Immunol. 2022;13(June):1–11

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-06-07 03:55:47

No citation recorded.