DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.14.1.36-50

Analysis of providing complementary feeding practice to stunted and non-stunted children aged 6-24 months in Natuna Regency, Indonesia: A qualitative study

1Alma Ata Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2Nutrition Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia

3Nutrition Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Malaysia

4 Research Center for Biomedical Research, Cibinong Science Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Jawa, Indonesia , Malaysia

5 Community Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Malaysia

View all affiliations
Received: 23 Apr 2025; Revised: 3 Sep 2025; Accepted: 28 Sep 2025; Available online: 30 Dec 2025; Published: 30 Dec 2025.

Citation Format:
Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Stunting was a growth disorder that occurred as a result of chronic malnutrition and repeated infections. Its prevalence had increased due to suboptimal complementary feeding (CF) practices.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the attitudes and confidence of mothers in the practice of providing CF among children aged 6–24 months.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted through semi-structured interviews at Serasan and Serasan Timur Health Centers, Natuna Regency, from September to November 2024. The study explored maternal attitudes and self-confidence in complementary feeding (CF) practices. Participants included 18 primary informants in focus group discussions (9 mothers of stunted and 9 of non-stunted children) and 4 key informants in in-depth interviews (2 heads of community health centers and 2 nutritionists). Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 12.0 software.

Results: This study identified four main themes. First, maternal attitudes in facing challenges, such as food rejection and the selection of appropriate food types. Second, maternal attitudes in the practice of providing complementary feeding (CF). Third, maternal confidence in determining suitable food textures. Fourth, maternal confidence in managing picky eating during CF practices. Most mothers demonstrated a positive attitude toward CF, including preparing food themselves, considering it healthier and more economical. However, some mothers of stunted children tended to purchase instant foods more often due to practicality. The majority showed high confidence, supported by Posyandu education, internet resources, and nutritionists. Nevertheless, several mothers of stunted children still lacked confidence due to limited information on CF nutritional adequacy.

Conclusion: Mothers of stunted children tended to have lower attitudes and self-confidence compared to those of non-stunted children in complementary feeding (CF) practices. Continuous education and supportive policies facilitating access to nutritious foods were essential. Additionally, family support enhanced maternal confidence in providing CF.

Keywords: Attitude; children; complementary feeding; self confidence; stunting

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Cover Letter
Cover Letter
Subject
Type Cover Letter
  Download (94KB)    Indexing metadata
 Copyright Transfer Agreement
Surat Pengantar
Subject
Type Copyright Transfer Agreement
  Download (289KB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: Attitude; children; complementary feeding; self confidence; stunting
Funding: the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia for granting the research grant under the Master Thesis Research Scheme (PTM) for the year 2024 with the number 107/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Development of catfish sausages fortified with duck eggs as a potential nutritional intervention product to reduce stunting rates in toddlers Analysis of providing complementary feeding practice to stunted and non-stunted children aged 6-24 months in Natuna Regency, Indonesia: A qualitative study The impact of drinking brewed coffee on VO2max and blood lactate levels in sedentary males with physical activity treatment More recent articles
Most cited articles
Front Matter Back-Matter Pengaruh pemberian asi eksklusif dan non eksklusif terhadap mental emosional anak usia 3-4 tahun Pengetahuan ibu, pola makan dan status gizi pada anak stunting usia 1-5 tahun di Kelurahan Bangetayu, Kecamatan Genuk, Semarang Faktor risiko stunting pada anak umur 6-24 bulan di kecamatan Penanggalan kota Subulussalam provinsi Aceh More cited articles
  1. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 Tentang Standar Antropometri Anak. Jakarta; 2020. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/152505/permenkes-no-2-tahun-2020
  2. Permatasi Tria Astika Endah. Pencegahan Stunting pada Balita Melalui Perbaikan Gizi dan Sanitasi. Yogyakarta: CV Budi Utama; 2022
  3. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. Buku Saku Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI). Kementrian Kesehatan RI. 2021. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/buku-saku-hasil-studi-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-tahun-2021/
  4. Kemenkes. Buku Saku Hasil Survey Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tahun 2022. Kemenkes. 2022;1–7
  5. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/4855/3/Buku%20Saku%20SSGI%202022%20rev%20270123%20OK.pdf
  6. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI). jakarta. 2023. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/hasil-ski-2023/
  7. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Natuna. Data Status Gizi Balita Berdasarkan ePPGBM. Kabupaten Natuna; 2021
  8. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Natuna. Data Status Gizi Balita Berdasarkan ePPGBM . Kabupaten Natuna; 2022
  9. Subiyatin A. Hubungan Pengetahuan Mpasi Dan Self Efficacy Dengan Stunting Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Kelurahan Pamulang. Jurnal Ilmiah Bidan. 2024 Dec 31 [cited 2025 Mar 8];8(3):1–11. Available from: https://e-journal.ibi.or.id/index.php/jib/article/view/506.
  10. Putri NDP, Hadju V, Indriasari R, Hidayanty H, Mansur MA. Description Of Mother’s Self Efficacy In Complementary Feeding And Stunting Among Children. Jurnal Gizi Masyarakat Indonesia (The Journal of Indonesian Community Nutrition). 2023 May 26 [cited 2025 Mar 8];12(1). Available from: https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mgmi/article/view/26568.
  11. Mutiara Wahyuni Manopo. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian MP-ASI Pada Anak Usia 6-24 Bulan. Nutr J. 2023;7(2):2–4. https://doi.org/10.37771/nj.v7i2.945
  12. Mawaddah N, Adamy A. Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) Pada Balita 6-23 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pasi Mali Kabupaten Aceh Barat. J Heal Med Sci. 2023;2(1). Available from: https://pusdikra-publishing.com/index.php/jkes/home.
  13. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Natuna. penyampaian data stunting berdasarkan aplikasi Pencatatan dan Pelaporan Gizi berbasis Masyarakat secara Elektronik (e-PPGBM) . Kabupaten Natuna; 2023. https://sepempang.desa.natunakab.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Penyampaian-Data-Status-Gizi-Balita-Tahun-2023-Desa-Sepempang.pdf
  14. Rahmawati W, van der Pligt P, Worsley A, Willcox JC. Indonesian antenatal nutrition education: A qualitative study of healthcare professional views. Women’s Heal. 2021 Dec 1;17. https://doi.org/10.1177/17455065211066077
  15. Ningrum, Rismawan, Sriasih. Hubungan antara pola makan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di wilayah kerja puskesmas 1 denpasar barat. J Mutiara Kesehat Masy. 2024;9(2):78–87. https://doi.org/10.51544/jmkm.v9i2.5316
  16. Nurul M, Prasetyo B, Handayani T. Pola makan anak usia dini dan tantangan pemberian MP-ASI. J Kesehat dan Gizi. 2023;15(2):45–58. https://doi.org/10.55338/jpkmn.v5i2.3230
  17. Wijayanti. Peran Keluarga dalam Mendukung Pemberian MP-ASI yang Optimal. J Kesehat Masy. 2022;10(1):22–34
  18. Viana V F. The Influence of Maternal Feeding Practices on Children`s Food Intake . J Am Diet Assoc. 2017;117(1):48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.07.014
  19. Mulyani R, Sutrio, Muliani U. Hubungan Picky Eater dengan Status Gizi Anak Prasekolah. J Media Kesehat. 2023;18(2):77–89. https://doi.org/10.52235/cendekiamedika.v8i1.201
  20. Abul-fadl A, Al-Yassin. Complementary Feeding Practice and Nutritional Status of Children in Egypt. J Nutr Heal Food Eng. 2018;8(5):180–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11874288.v1
  21. Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA). Jakarta; 2020
  22. Juherman YN, Sutrio S, Mulyani R, Wahyuni ES. Analisis Kualitatif Praktik Pemberian Makan Pada Bayi Dan Anak Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rajabasa Kota Bandar Lampung. Prefotif J Kesehat Masy. 2022;6(2):115–1128. https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v6i2.4375
  23. Cook EJ, Powell FC, Ali N, Penn-Jones C, Ochieng B, Randhawa G. Parents’ experiences of complementary feeding among a United Kingdom culturally diverse and deprived community. Matern Child Nutr. 2021 Apr 1;17(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13108
  24. Setiawati N, Rahmawati D, Putri W. Perbandingan MP-ASI Instan dan Homemade Terhadap Status Gizi Bayi Usia 6-12 Bulan di Puskesmas Kota Utara. J Ilmu Gizi dan Kesehat Masy UBMG. 2024;2(1):3–4. https://doi.org/10.47918/jias.v4i1.1530
  25. Qothrunada L, Mariyani S. Pengaruh Pemberian MP-ASI Instan dan Homade Terhadap Kenaikan Berat Badan Bayi Usia 6-8 Bulan di Kota Bogor. J Hear UIKA Bogor. 2022;4(2):23–5. https://doi.org/10.32832/hearty.v11i1.8481
  26. Louis SL, Mirania AN, Yuniarti E. Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita. J Ilm Kesehat. 2022 Apr 30;4(1):47–55. https://doi.org/10.36590/jika.v4il.215
  27. Isna Yuswella Babys. Meta-Analysis the Effect of Complementary Feeding Diversity on Stunting in Children Aged 6-59 Months. Int Conf Public Heal Proceeding. 2023 Sep;7(1):10–10. https://doi.org/10.26911/AB.ICPH.09.2022.10
  28. Auliya Shobah, Rokhaidah. Hubungan Pemberian MP-ASI Dengan Status Gizi Bayi 6- 24 Bulan. Indones J Heal Dev. 2021 Feb;3(1):201–201. https://doi.org/10.52021/ijhd.v3i1.76
  29. Blaney S, Februhartanty J, Sukotjo S. Feeding practices among Indonesian children above six months of age: A literature review on their potential determinants (part 2). Vol. 24, Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. HEC Press; 2015. p. 28–37. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.1.14
  30. Budree S, Goddard E, Brittain K, Engebretsen. Infant Feeding Practices a South Africa: A Review. Matern Child Nutr. 2011;7(3):309–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12371
  31. Rohmah A, Johar S. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang MP-ASI Dengan Kejadian Pada Balita di Desa Jenggrik Kecamatan Kedawung Kabupaten Sragen. J Ilmu Kesehat Masy Berk. 2023;5(2):69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/jikemb.v5i2.5227
  32. Rohmandani. Hubungan Pengetahuan Pemberian MP-ASI dan Perilaku Keluarga Sadar Gizi Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 6-24 Bulan Di Puskesmas Polokarto. J Ilm Kesehat Keperawatan. 2024;12(3). https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v12i3.41079
  33. Mauren B, Hurley K. Responsive Feeding and Maternal Confidence In Feeding Children. Appetite. 2017;112:111–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000448965
  34. Aulia. Stunting dan Faktor Ibu (Pendidikan, Pengetahuan Gizi, Pola Asuh dan Self Efikasi). J Heal Sci . 2021;6(1):102–7. https://doi.org/10.24929/jik.v6i1.1498
  35. Sari, Pratiwi, Nugroho. Self-efficacy ibu dalam pemberian MP-ASI dan hubungannya dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. J Ilmu Gizi Kesehat. 2024;12(1):44–55
  36. Farah AM, Endris BS, Gebreyesus SH. Maternal undernutrition as proxy indicators of their offspring’s undernutrition: Evidence from 2011 Ethiopia demographic and health survey. BMC Nutr. 2019 Nov 26;5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-019-0281-z
  37. Risatianti Kolopaking, Saptawati Bardosono, Umi Fahmida. Maternal Self Efficacy in The Home Food Environment: Qualitative Study Among Low Income Mothers of Nutritionally at Risk Children in an Urban Area of Jakarta. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2011;43(3):180–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2009.10.010
  38. Dwi N, Putri P, Hadju V, Indriasari R, Hidayanty H. Gambaran self-efficacy ibu dalam pemberian MP-ASI dan kejadian stunting pada baduta. J Ilmu Gizi Diet Indonesa. 2023;12(1):27–37. https://doi.org/10.30597/jgmi.v12i1.26568
  39. Rahmawati, Yusuf, Anwar. Resiliensi ibu dan praktik pemberian makan dalam pencegahan stunting di puskesmas sungai lasi kabupaten solok. J Ilmu Kesehat. 2023;10(2):112–20. Doi: 10.33757/jik.v7i2.792318

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-12-30 16:15:25

No citation recorded.