DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.68083

Pollution Level of the Downstream Area of Paguyaman River, Gorontalo, Indonesia: A Study Based on the Microalgae Distribution and Saprobic Index

1Aquatic Resources Management Department, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Technology, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia

2Marine Science Department, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Technology, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Judul : Level Kualitas Perairan Bagian Hilir Sungai Paguyaman, Gorontalo, Indonesia: Suatu Kajian Berdasarkan Distribusi Mikroalga dan Indeks Saprobik

Latar Belakang: Sungai Paguyaman membentang sepanjang 136,25 km dan merupakan daerah aliran sungai terbesar kedua di Provinsi Gorontalo. Bagian hilir sungai ini bermuara di Teluk Tomini dan berada di perbatasan antara Desa Girisa Kecamatan Paguyaman Kabupaten Boalemo dan Desa Bilato Kecamatan Boliyohuto Kabupaten Gorontalo. Bagian hilir sungai ini menjadi sumber penghidupan bagi masyarakat di sekitarnya, namun kualitas perairannya terancam akibat pencemaran organik yang berasal dari aktivitas domestik dan pertanian.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan distribusi mikroalga, dan menilai kualitas perairan menggunakan indeks saprobik di wilayah hilir Sungai Paguyaman, Gorontalo.

Metode: Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada empat stasiun dengan masing-masing tiga ulangan, dimulai dari stasiun 1 tepat di bibir muara sungai, kemudian disusul stasiun 2 hingga 4 dengan jarak antar stasiun 3-4 km. Mikroalga yang diamati mencakup mikroalga planktonik (fitoplankton) dan mikroalga yang melekat pada substrat batu (perifiton). Sementara parameter fisik perairan mencakup kedalaman air, suhu, kecepatan arus, kecerahan, dan substrat dasar, serta parameter kimia perairan mencakup pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), dan salinitas.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroalga yang ditemukan di wilayah hilir Sungai Paguyaman berasal dari 10 kelas yang terdiri dari 101 spesies dan 45 genus. Komposisi terbanyak berasal dari kelas Bacillariophyceae.

Simpulan: Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H'), indeks dominansi dan indeks keseragaman mikroalga, perairan secara umum berada dalam kategori komunitas stabil dengan keberadaan atau kepadatan biota yang merata. Nilai indeks saprobik (SI) 1,64 dan nilai indeks keadaan trofik (TSI) 0,65 menunjukkan bahwa tingkat saprobitas wilayah hilir Sungai Paguyaman saat ini berada pada tingkat Oligo/b-mesosaprobik yaitu termasuk pada kategori tercemar ringan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa perairan di hilir sungai mengalami penurunan kualitas yang dapat berdampak pada kesehatan ekosistem dan masyarakat.

 

ABSTRACT

Background: Paguyaman River stretches for 136.25 km and represents the second largest drainage basin in Gorontalo Province. Its downstream area of the river empties into Tomini Bay and is located on the border between Girisa Village, Paguyaman Subdistrict, Boalemo Regency, and Bilato Village, Boliyohuto Subdistrict, Gorontalo Regency. This regions constitutes a vital source of livelihood for the local community. However, organic pollution from domestic and agricultural activities threatens the quality of its waters. The objective of this study is to identify the types and distribution of microalgae and assess water quality using saprobic index in the downstream area of Paguyaman River, Gorontalo.

Method: Sampling was conducted at four stations with three replications per station. The sampling began at station 1, located at the river mouth, and continued to stations 2 through 4, with a distance of 3-4 km between stations. Microalgae observed included planktonic microalgae (phytoplankton) and microalgae attached to rock substrates (periphyton). The physical parameters included water depth, temperature, current velocity, brightness, and bottom substrate, while the chemical parameters included pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and salinity.

Result: The findings revealed that microalgae in the downstream area of the Paguyaman River came from 10 classes of 101 species and 45 genera. The most significant composition comes from the Bacillariophyceae class.

Conclusion: According to the diversity index (H'), dominance index, and uniformity index of microalgae, the waters are generally classified as stable communities, characterized by the presence or density of biota that are evenly distributed. The Saprobic Index (SI) value of 1.64 and the Trophic Status Index (TSI) value of 0.65 indicate that the saprobity level of the downstream area of the Paguyaman River is currently at the Oligo/b-mesosaprobic level, which is included in the lightly polluted category. This finding indicates that the river downstream is experiencing degrading, potentially affecting the health of the ecosystem and the surround community.

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Keywords: Dominance index; Diversity index; Periphyton; Phytoplankton; Uniformity index

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Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
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