DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.24.1.75-83

Kualitas Air dan Hubungannya dengan Balita Stunting di Kota Salatiga, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

1Bagian Kesehatan Lingkungan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

2Bagian Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak akibat kurang gizi, kondisi sanitasi yang jelek serta stimulus psikososial yang tidak cukup dengan indikator lebih dari minus 2 nilai Z Score menurut standar WHO. Kota Salatiga merupakan salah satu kota di Jawa Tengah yang masih terdapat permasalahan stunting, khususnya pada bayi baru lahir. Pada tahun 2018 telah lahir 251 bayi yang dianyatakan stunting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dampak pemakaian air dan analisis spasial sebaran balita stunting di Kota Salatiga.

Matode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian obervasioanl dengan desain cross-sectional study. Data balita stunting ini diambil dari 150 balita stunting pada penelitian sebelumnya. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 46 balita yang masih berstatus stunting setelah mengalami masa perumbuhan selama 3-4 tahun. Variabel yang dikaji melipiuti jenis air dan pemanfaatan air, kualitas air, dan titik koordinat geografis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observsi, wawancara, pemeriksaan laboratorium, dan pengukuran titik koordinat geografis dengan menggunakan aplikasi GPS TEST pada android. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, analitik, dan analisis spasial.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar keluarga balita stunting menggunakan jenis air PDAM (63,04%). Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium mengindikasikan terjadi peningkatan proporsi kualitas air yang negatif bakteri coloform dari 44,7% menjadi 56,5%. Sebagian besar bayi stunting tahun 2018 telah tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi normal (69,33%), sisanya 30,67% masih berstatus sebagai balita stunting. Hasil analisis Chi-square menunjukan terjadi peningkatan secara signifikan kualitas air yang digunakan oleh keluarga balita dengan p-value 0,03. Analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa 46 balita yang masih berstatus stunting menyebar merata di seluruh wilayah Puskesmas Kota Salatiga. Ada 4 kelurahan yang semua balita stuntingnya telah tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi normal pada tahun 2022 yaitu: Kelurahan Kalibening, Gendongan, Sirorejo Lor, dan Bugel.

Simpulan: Peningkatan kualitas air yang lebih baik, yang digunakan keluarga balita stunting diikuti dengan penurunan proporsi balita stunting di Kota Salatiga. Balita yang masih berstatus stunting menyebar merata di seluruh wilayah Puskesmas di kota Salatiga.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Water Quality and Its Relation with Stunted Children Under Five in Salatiga City, Central Java, Indonesia

Background: Stunting is a disorder of growth and development in children due to malnutrition, poor sanitary conditions and insufficient psychosocial stimulus with an indicator of more than minus 2 Z Score values according to WHO standards. Salatiga City is one of the cities in Central Java that still has stunting problems, especially in newborns. In 2018, 251 babies were born who were declared stunted. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of water use and spatial analysis of the distribution of stunting toddlers in Salatiga City.

Mathods: This study is an obervasioanl study with a cross-sectional design. This stunting toddler data was taken from 150 stunting toddlers in a previous study. The study sample was 46 toddlers who were still stunted after experiencing a growth period of 3-4 years. The variables studied include water type and water utilization, water quality, and geographic coordinates. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews, laboratory examinations, and measurement of geographic coordinate points. Data is analyzed in descriptive, analytical, and spatial analysis.

Results: The results of this study show that most families who has stunting use PDAM water (63.04%). The results of laboratory tests indicated an increase in the proportion of water quality negative coloform bacteria from 44.7% to 56.5%. Most stunted babies in 2018 have grown and developed to normal (69.33%), the remaining 30.67% are still stunted toddlers. The results of the Chi-square analysis showed a significant improvement in the quality of water used by families under five with a p-value of 0.03. Spatial analysis showed that 46 toddlers who were still stunted were evenly distributed throughout the Salatiga City Health Center. There are 4 villages where all stunted toddlers have grown and developed to normal in 2022, namely: Kalibening, Gendongan, Sirorejo Lor, and Bugel Villages.

Conclusion: Improvement in water quality used by stunted toddler families followed by a decrease in the proportion of stunted toddlers in Salatiga City. Toddlers who are still stunted spread evenly throughout the Puskesmas area in the city of Salatiga.

 

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Keywords: Kualitas air; balita stunting; analisi spasial.

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Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
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