Relationship between Management Functions of P2 ISPA Program and Target Achievement of Coverage Rate of Pneumonia on Children under Five Years Old at Health Centres in Semarang City

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Angka cakupan pneumonia balita di puskesmas kota Semarang tahun 2012 sebesar 25% dan tahun 2013 sebesar 26%,kondisi ini masih dibawah target yang ditetapkan oleh DKK Kota Semarang yaitu 37 % pada tahun 2013. Hal ini menunjukkan rendahnya angka cakupan pneumonia balita yang diduga belum optimalnya fungsi manajemen program P2 ISPA. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis fungsi manajemen program P2 ISPA kaitannya dengan angka cakupan pneumonia balita di puskesmas kota Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Cara pengumpulan data melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan observasi dokumen menggunakan checklist observasi terhadap fungsi manajemen program P2 ISPA. Jumlah sampel 36penanggung jawab program di 37Puskesmas Kota Semarang karena 1 penanggung jawab tidak memenuhi kriteria sampel.  Analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari puskesmas yang  mencapai target cakupan proporsi penanggung jawab program yang memiliki perencanaan baik 87,5%, pengorganisasian baik 87,5%, penggerakan baik 75,0% dan pengawasan baik 87,5%. Dari puskesmas yang tidak mencapai target cakupan proporsi penanggung jawab program yang memiliki perencanaan baik 39,3%, pengorganisasian baik 42,9%, penggerakkan baik 28,6% dan pengawasan baik 46,4%. Puskesmas yang telah mencapai target cakupan sebanyak 22,2%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan antara fungsi perencanaan (p value = 0,045) dan penggerakkan (p value = 0,049) dengan ketercapaian target angka cakupan pneumonia balita. Disarankan agar penanggung jawab program mengikutsertakan kader dalam deteksi dini, memotivasi petugas pelaksana teknis agar patuh dalam pendekatan MTBS, sosialisasi dalam tatalaksana standar, membuat laporan 3 bulanan dan 6 bulanan untuk upaya pemantauan rutin.

Kata kunci : Fungsi Manajemen P2 ISPA, Cakupan Pneumonia Balita

ABSTRACT

Coverage rate of pneumonia on children under five years old at health centres in Semarang in 2012 was 25% and in 2013 was 26%. This results were lower than a target released by Semarang City Health Office (CHO) in 2013, namely 37%. This problem might be due to not optimal in conducting management functions of P2 ISPA program. The aim of this study was to analyse management functions relating to coverage rate of pneumonia on children under five years old at health centres in Semarang City. This was an observational study using cross-sectional approach. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and document observation using a checklist of management functions of P2 ISPA program. Number of respondents were 36 officers in charge of the program at 37 health centres in Semarang City. One officer had not met sample criteria. Data were analysed using Chi-Square test. The results of this research showed that among health centres that achieved the target, most of
officers in charge of the program had good planning (87.5%), good organising (87.5%), good
actuating (75.0%), and good monitoring (87.5%. In contrast, among health centres that did not reach the target, some of officers in charge of the program had good planning (39.3%), good organising (42.9%), good actuating (28.6%), and good monitoring (46.4%). Proportion of health centres that had achieved the target was (22.2%). Bivariate analysis indicated that functions of planning (p value = 0.045) and actuating (p value = 0.049) had significant relationship with the target achievement of coverage rate of pneumonia on children under five years old. As suggestions, officers in charge of the program need to involve cadres in conducting early detection, motivate implementing technical officers in order to use MTBS approach, socialise in implementing a standard, make quarterly report and semester report as a routine monitoring.

Keywords : management functions of P2 ISPA; coverage of pneumonia on  children under five years old