Association Between Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Stress Level, and Hypertension in Kalirejo Residents

Nadya Meta Harlinda; Venansya Maulina Praba; Nisrina Nabila Raniasari; Ayurveda Zaynabila Heriqbaldi; Chelssi Gloria Tessari; Natasya Ariesta Selyardi Putri; Nofita Fachryandini; Made Bayu Angga Paramarta; Sudaryani Sudaryani; Budi Utomo; Shifa Fauziyah

doi:10.14710/jpki.19.1.64-71

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jpki.19.1.64-71

Association Between Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Stress Level, and Hypertension in Kalirejo Residents

Nadya Meta Harlinda - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Venansya Maulina Praba - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Nisrina Nabila Raniasari - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Ayurveda Zaynabila Heriqbaldi - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Chelssi Gloria Tessari - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Natasya Ariesta Selyardi Putri - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Nofita Fachryandini - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Made Bayu Angga Paramarta - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Sudaryani Sudaryani - Akademi Keperawatan Madiun, Indonesia

*Budi Utomo - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Shifa Fauziyah - Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JPKI53208,
    author = {Nadya Meta Harlinda and Venansya Maulina Praba and Nisrina Nabila Raniasari and Ayurveda Zaynabila Heriqbaldi and Chelssi Gloria Tessari and Natasya Ariesta Selyardi Putri and Nofita Fachryandini and Made Bayu Angga Paramarta and Sudaryani Sudaryani and Budi Utomo and Shifa Fauziyah},
    title = {Association Between Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Stress Level, and Hypertension in Kalirejo Residents},
    journal = {Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia},
  volume = {19},
    number = {1},
    year = {2023},
    keywords = {hypertension; body mass index; physical activity; stress level},
    abstract = {   Background:    Hypertension is amongst the top 10 non-communicable diseases and is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of hypertension. Risk factors include modifiable ones, such as lifestyle, smoking habits, sleeping patterns, caffeine consumption, physical activity, high-sodium diet, and stress levels. On the other hand, factors such as gender and age are non-modifiable. A primary survey in Kalirejo, Lawang, showed that hypertension is the leading health issue. This research aims to analyze the association between body mass index, physical activity level, and stress level with hypertension in Kalirejo, Lawang.     Method:    This research is a correlative analytical descriptive study using the cross-sectional method that involves 99 residents aged ≥ 45 years old in Kalirejo.        Results:    This study revealed that the largest age group in Kalirejo is elderly people, with most respondents being female, non-smokers, and with no family history of hypertension. A majority of the respondents consume caffeine and use minimal salt. The largest BMI distribution is within the normal category (41.4%). High physical activity is found to be more frequent (45.5%), and stress level is primarily low (62.6%). Bivariate analysis shows a significant association between BMI and hypertension (p<0.05). Meanwhile, physical activity and stress levels are irrelevant to the occurrence of hypertension. This study discovered that there is a significant association between BMI and hypertension, and a non-significant association between physical activity and stress level with hypertension, respectively, among pre-elderly and elderly residents in Kalirejo.  },
   issn = {2620-4053},   pages = {64--71}  doi = {10.14710/jpki.19.1.64-71},
    url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpki/article/view/53208}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is amongst the top 10 non-communicable diseases and is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of hypertension. Risk factors include modifiable ones, such as lifestyle, smoking habits, sleeping patterns, caffeine consumption, physical activity, high-sodium diet, and stress levels. On the other hand, factors such as gender and age are non-modifiable. A primary survey in Kalirejo, Lawang, showed that hypertension is the leading health issue. This research aims to analyze the association between body mass index, physical activity level, and stress level with hypertension in Kalirejo, Lawang.

Method: This research is a correlative analytical descriptive study using the cross-sectional method that involves 99 residents aged ≥ 45 years old in Kalirejo.

Results: This study revealed that the largest age group in Kalirejo is elderly people, with most respondents being female, non-smokers, and with no family history of hypertension. A majority of the respondents consume caffeine and use minimal salt. The largest BMI distribution is within the normal category (41.4%). High physical activity is found to be more frequent (45.5%), and stress level is primarily low (62.6%). Bivariate analysis shows a significant association between BMI and hypertension (p<0.05). Meanwhile, physical activity and stress levels are irrelevant to the occurrence of hypertension. This study discovered that there is a significant association between BMI and hypertension, and a non-significant association between physical activity and stress level with hypertension, respectively, among pre-elderly and elderly residents in Kalirejo.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: hypertension; body mass index; physical activity; stress level

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Research Article

Language : EN

In Volume 19 No.1 Januari 2024

Recent articles

Knowledge and Access to Adolescent Reproductive Health Information in Indonesia Effectiveness of Audio-visual Education through Digital Media Platforms Regarding Quality of Life Amongst Breast Cancer Person Family Roles and Support in Preventing Stunting: A Systematic Review More recent articles

Most cited articles

Socio-Cultural And Socio-Sexual Factors Influence The Premarital Sexual Behaviour of Javanese Youth In The Era of HIV/AIDS Perilaku Kepala Keluarga dalam Menggunakan Jamban di Desa Tawiri Kecamatan Teluk Ambon Kota Ambon Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Praktik Wanita Pekerja Seks (WPS) Jalanan Dalam Upaya Pencegahan IMS Dan HIV/AIDS Di Sekitar Alun-Alun Dan Candi Prambanan Kabupaten Klaten Stakeholder Pemerintah Sebagai Prime Mover Keberhasilan Jejaring Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja Perilaku Menggosok Gigi pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas V dan VI di Kecamatan Sumberejo More cited articles

WHO. Hypertension. WHO. 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
Kemenkes RI. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Kementrian Kesehat RI. 2018;53(9):1689–99
Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, Ng M, Biryukov S, Marczak L, et al. Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115mmHg, 1990-2015. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2017;317(2):165–82
Kaddumukasa M, Kayima J, Nakibuuka J, Blixen C, Welter E, Katabira E, et al. Modifiable lifestyle risk factors for stroke among a high risk hypertensive population in Greater Kampala, Uganda; A cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):1–6
Bhelkar S, Deshpande S, Mankar S, Hiwarkar P. Association between Stress and Hypertension among Adults More Than 30 Years: A Case-Control Study. Natl J Community Med. 2018;9(6):430–3
Bell K, Twiggs J. Hypertension : The Silent Killer : Updated JNC-8 Guideline Recommendations. 2015;
Smith PH, Bessette AJ, Weinberger AH, Sheffer CE, Mckee SA. Influence of Physical Activity on Hypertension and Cardiac Structure and Function. Physiol Behav. 2016;92(3):135–40
Liu M, Li N, Li WA, Khan H. Association between psychosocial stress and hypertension : a systematic review and meta- analysis. 2017;6412(July)
Munakata M. Clinical significance of stress-related increase in blood pressure: current evidence in office and out-of-office settings. Hypertens Res. 2018;41(8):553–69
Widianto AA, Romdhoni MF, Karita D, Purbowati MR. Hubungan Pola Makan Dan Gaya Hidup Dengan Angka Kejadian Hipertensi Pralansia Dan Lansia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas I Kembaran. MAGNA MEDICA Berk Ilm Kedokt dan Kesehat. 2019;1(5):58
Syamsu RF, Nuryanti S, Semme MY. Karakteristik Indeks Massa Tubuh Dan Jenis Kelamin Pasien Hipertensi Di Rs Ibnu Sina Makassar November 2018. J-KESMAS J Kesehat Masy. 2021;7(2):64
Sartik S, Tjekyan RS, Zulkarnain M. Risk Factors and the Incidence of Hipertension in Palembang. J Ilmu Kesehat Masy. 2017;8(3):180–91
Zuraidah, Maksuk, Apriliadi N. Analisis faktor risiko penyakit hipertensi pada masyarakat di kecamatan kemuning kota palembang tahun 2012 risk factors analyze of hypertension on community at kemuning sub districtin palembang 2012. J Kesehat Poltekkes Palembang. 2012;1(10):170–8
Khasanah TA. Hubungan Tingkat Stres dan Asupan Natrium Dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi. J Pangan Kesehat dan Gizi. 2021;2(1):72–81
Syahrini EN. Faktor-Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Primer Di Puskesmas. J Kesehat Masy. 2012;1(2):315–25
Yulnefia Y. the Relationship of the Body Mass Index With the Event of Hipertension in Poli Usila Puskesmas Rawat Inap Simpang Tiga Kota Pekanbaru. Collab Med J. 2020;3(2):69–75
Landi F, Calvani R, Picca A, Tosato M, Martone AM, Ortolani E, et al. Body mass index is strongly associated with hypertension: Results from the longevity check-up 7+ study. Nutrients. 2018;10(12):1–12
Van Oort S, Beulens JWJ, Van Ballegooijen AJ, Grobbee DE, Larsson SC. Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle Behaviors with Hypertension: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Hypertension. 2020;1971–9
Fantin F, Giani A, Zoico E, Rossi AP, Mazzali G, Zamboni M. Weight loss and hypertension in obese subjects. Nutrients. 2019;11(7)
Murphy CM, Kearney PM, Shelley EB, Fahey T, Dooley C, Kenny RA. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in the over 50s in Ireland: Evidence from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. J Public Heal (United Kingdom). 2016;38(3):450–8
Hossain FB, Shawon SR, Adhikary G, Chowdhury A. Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in South Asian population: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey. bioRxiv. 2019;605469
AHA. Getting Active to Control High Blood Pressure. 2016. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/getting-active-to-control-high-blood-pressure
Rêgo MLM, Cabral DAR, Costa EC, Fontes EB. Physical Exercise for Individuals with Hypertension: It Is Time to Emphasize its Benefits on the Brain and Cognition. Clin Med Insights Cardiol. 2019;13
Istiana D, Purqoti DNS, Musmuliadin M, Rispawati BH, Romadhonika F, Dingle K. The Relationship between Physical Activity and the Incidence of Hypertension at the Work Area of the Ampenan Health Center. Str J Ilm Kesehat. 2022;11(1):45–50
Lu Y, Lu M, Dai H, Yang P, Smith-Gagen J, Miao R, et al. Lifestyle and risk of hypertension: Follow-up of a young pre-hypertensive cohort. Int J Med Sci. 2015;12(7):605–12
Cleven L, Krell-Roesch J, Nigg CR, Woll A. The association between physical activity with incident obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes and hypertension in adults: A systematic review of longitudinal studies published after 2012. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–15
Mokti K, Abdul Rahime SSS. Relationship of age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, salt intake, and stress with high blood pressure among rural dwellers in Kudat, Sabah. Bali Med J. 2022;11(1):360–7
Kamsari K, Dede Husnaniyah DH, Riyanto R, Evi Malita EM. Correlation of Stress Level with Hypertension in The Elderly. J Islam Nurs. 2022 Dec 29;7(2):67–71
Rina L, Musafaah, Ifa H. Hubungan Tingkat Stres dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Lansia di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Cempaka. Universitas Lambung Mangkurat; 2018
Spruill T. Chronic Psychological Stress and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2013;12(1):10–6
Sun K, Lin D, Li M, Mu Y, Zhao J, Liu C, et al. Association of education levels with the risk of hypertension and hypertension control: a nationwide cohort study in Chinese adults. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2022;451–7

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-09-13 21:10:54

No citation recorded.

Authors still retain significant all copy rights to use and share their own published articles. Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia and Universitas Diponegoro supports the need for authors to share, disseminate and maximize the impact of their research and these rights, in any databases.

As a journal Author, you have all copy rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author copy rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors who publishing in JPKI have wide copy rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including, but not limited to:

use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institution and presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees;
use for internal training by author's company;
distribution to colleagues for their research use;
use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works;
inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article);
preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article);
voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes,

(but it should follow the open access license of Creative Common CC-by-SA License).

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (the name of the creator and attribution parties (authors detail information), a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can read, print and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g. display in a repository), translate the article, download for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or re-use for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).