skip to main content

A Comparative Analysis of the Stability of Open-Deck River Boats Using Righting Moment and GM0 Based Criteria

*Hasanudin Hasanudin orcid scopus  -  Department of Naval Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia
Aditya Dwi Saputra  -  Department of Naval Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia
Ardi Nugroho Yulianto  -  Department of Naval Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia
Sujantoko Sujantoko  -  Department of Ocean Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia
Received: 21 Jan 2025; Revised: 17 Jul 2025; Accepted: 25 Jul 2025; Published: 31 Jul 2025.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

The Musi River is an important transportation route in Indonesia, where traditional boats such as Jukungs and Keteks are widely used. Both are open-deck vessels, making stability a crucial factor for safety and operability. This study analyses and compares the stability of a Jukung and a Ketek in order to provide insights for safer traditional boat design. The methodology involves calculating the stability moment (MGZ) at a given heel angle and the heeling moment (MKR) due to turning and passenger distribution, based on Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) and the GM₀ value specified by International Maritime Organization (IMO). Numerical simulations based on hull geometry are also applied for a more detailed assessment. Although similar in size, the Jukung has greater displacement owing to its flat U-shaped hull extending from top to bottom. Reducing passenger loads lowers the centre of gravity and increases the height of the righting lever. Both boats satisfy stability criteria across loading cases; however, the Jukung consistently demonstrates higher MGZ values, which increases further as the load decreases. Findings show that both vessels remain stable with MGZ exceeding MKR. The Jukung maintains a positive GM₀ under all loading conditions, whereas the Ketek fails to meet stability requirements at higher loads but is acceptable at reduced passenger levels. Overall, the Jukung proves more stable and safer, with its hull form providing a larger righting lever and greater safety margin than the Ketek. This highlights the critical role of hull design in ensuring traditional boat safety along the Musi River.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Stability; Ketek Boat; Jukung Boat; Stability moment; Heeling moment
Funding: the Sub-Directorate of River, Lake, and Ferry Transportation, the Directorate General of Land Transportation, and the Ministry of Transportation of Indonesia

Article Metrics:

  1. S. Surnata, F. Febriansyah, F. Pusriansyah, M. Amanda, and D. Rahmita, “Evaluation factors of boat accidents in the Musi River waters, Indonesia,” MEA, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1971–1984, Dec. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v6i3.2685
  2. M. F. Oktarini, “The spreading of vernacular architecture at the riverways of South Sumatra, Indonesia,” Indonesian Journal of Geography, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 385–392, Dec. 2019
  3. M. F. Oktarini, “The role of riverway in the spreading of vernacular architecture in South Sumatra, Indonesia,” Indonesian Journal of Geography, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 385–392, Dec. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.43923
  4. M. Rahmanita, A. Solihin, A. S. Febriansyah, and F. N. Ananda, “The impact of the safety of passenger ship services on the development of water recreation: Evidence from Indonesia,” Journal of Project Management, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1121–1132, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.4.010
  5. J. Malisan and M. Y. Jinca, “Kajian strategi peningkatan keselamatan pelayaran kapal-kapal tradisional,” Warta Penelitian Perhubungan, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 218–231, 2012
  6. D. D. Apriani, E. Buchari, and E. Kadarsa, “Safety evaluation of river transportation in Palembang,” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 828–833, Apr. 2020
  7. E. Lema, G. P. Vlachos, and D. Zikos, “Linking causal factors and the human element in maritime accidents using K-means clustering,” International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 214–234, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRAM.2016.077380
  8. BPTD Wilayah VII, Rekapitulasi Kecelakaan Kapal di Sungai Musi. Balai Pengelola Transportasi Darat Wilayah VII Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dan Provinsi Bangka Belitung, 2024
  9. M. Iqbal, M. Terziev, T. Tezdogan, and A. Incecik, “Operability analysis of traditional small fishing boats in Indonesia with different loading conditions,” Ships and Offshore Structures, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1060–1079, Jul. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2022.2107300
  10. O. Yaakob, F. E. Hashim, M. R. Jalal, and M. A. Mustapa, “Stability, seakeeping and safety assessment of small fishing boats operating in southern coast of Peninsular Malaysia,” Univ. Malaysia Terengganu, 2015. [Online]. Available: http://dac.umt.edu.my:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7047
  11. M. M. Kandelous and P. Ghadimi, “Experimental study of hydrodynamic effect of loading and longitudinal variations of the center of gravity on the performance of a single-step craft in calm water,” Physics of Fluids, vol. 36, no. 12, p. 125124, Dec. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0241824
  12. M. Moshref-Javadi and M. Gandomkar, “Investigating the effects of cargo weight and its distribution on the dynamic performance of a high-speed planing hull,” Pomorstvo, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 30–42, Jun. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.31217/p.38.1.3
  13. J. Lu, M. Gu, and E. Boulougouris, “Further study on one of the numerical methods for pure loss of stability in stern quartering waves,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 394, Feb. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020394
  14. Y. Wang, “Ship stability analysis: Traditional methods versus geometric method,” in Stochastic Dynamic Response and Stability of Ships and Offshore Platforms, vol. 27, Ocean Engineering & Oceanography. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 213–291, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5853-5_5
  15. BKI, Rules for Small Vessel up to 24 m, vol. VII. Jakarta: Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia, 2021
  16. B. S. Lee, “Intact stability criteria,” in Hydrostatics and Stability of Marine Vehicles, vol. 7, Springer Series on Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, Shipbuilding and Shipping. Singapore: Springer, 2019, pp. 109–117, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2682-0_9
  17. Badan Standardisasi Nasional, SNI 10-4834-1998: Persyaratan Ruang Penumpang di Kapal. Jakarta: BSN, 1998
  18. C. C. Dewanto and A. Nasirudin, “Ship lightweight estimation at concept design stage: Case of Indonesia single ended Ro-Ro ferries,” Journal of Marine Engineering, Science & Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 86–89, Jun. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.12962/j27745449.v3i3.697
  19. S. Kery, M. Webster, and J. Prange, “Numerical modeling of dynamic stability events on a high speed catamaran,” in Proceedings of the SNAME Maritime Convention, Seattle, WA, USA, 2010, p. D031S007R006. [Online]. Available: https://onepetro.org/SNAMESMC/proceedings-abstract/SMC10/3-SMC10/465549
  20. “The stability of ships,” Nature, vol. 29, no. 754, pp. 559–563, Apr. 1884, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/029559b0

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-09-29 14:24:06

No citation recorded.