Pengaruh NaOH, Lignin dan Furfural terhadap Kesetimbangan Uap-Cair Etanol-Air Hidrolisat Ethanosolv-pulping Tandan Kosong Sawit pada Kondisi Isobarik

Lienda Aliwarga; Herri Susanto; Reynard Reynard; Dewi Agustina Iryani

doi:10.14710/jksa.22.2.38-46

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.2.38-46

Pengaruh NaOH, Lignin dan Furfural terhadap Kesetimbangan Uap-Cair Etanol-Air Hidrolisat Ethanosolv-pulping Tandan Kosong Sawit pada Kondisi Isobarik

Lienda Aliwarga¹

, Herri Susanto¹

, Reynard Reynard¹, Dewi Agustina Iryani²

¹Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia

²Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia

Received: 24 Nov 2018; Revised: 29 Jan 2019; Accepted: 4 Mar 2019; Published: 31 Mar 2019.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JKSA21172,
    author = {Lienda Aliwarga and Herri Susanto and Reynard Reynard and Dewi Iryani},
    title = {Pengaruh NaOH, Lignin dan Furfural terhadap Kesetimbangan Uap-Cair Etanol-Air Hidrolisat Ethanosolv-pulping Tandan Kosong Sawit pada Kondisi Isobarik},
    journal = {Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi},
  volume = {22},
    number = {2},
    year = {2019},
    keywords = {kesetimbangan uap-cair; UNIFAC; furfural; lignin; NaOH; sistem etanol-air},
    abstract = {Tandan kosong sawit mengandung lignoselulosa yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan baku  pulp . Salah satu metode  pulping  adalah dengan menggunakan etanol, yang disebut sebagai proses ALCELL ( Alcohol Cellulose ). Proses ini menghasilkan lindi hitam, dan untuk meningkatkan keramahlingkungan dan efisiensinya, etanol perlu diregenerasi. Adanya lignin, furfural, dan NaOH dalam lindi hitam menurunkan volatilitas relatif etanol sehingga menyulitkan tahapan regenerasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum regenerasi etanol melalui analisis kelarutan lignin dan kesetimbangan fasa uap-cair. Pengujian kelarutan lignin dilakukan dengan menjumputkan sejumlah lignin ke dalam 180 mL etanol-air. Percobaan kesetimbangan fasa menggunakan ebuliometer Fowler-Norris termodifikasi, dan simulasi selanjutnya memanfaatkan model UNIFAC (UNIQUAC  Functional-group Activity Coefficients ). Terdapat lima larutan model sebagai variasi, yaitu larutan A (etanol-air-0,315% NaOH), B (etanol-air-1,26% lignin), C (etanol-air-0,26% furfural), D (etanol-air-0,5% furfural), dan E (etanol-air-1% furfural).   Operasi bersifat isobarik pada tekanan 690 mmHg dan temperatur ruang (±25°C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kenaikan kelarutan lignin hanya sedikit dipengaruhi oleh penambahan konsentrasi etanol jika konsentrasinya kurang dari 40%, namun meningkat secara signifikan dan mencapai maksimumnya pada konsentrasi etanol sekitar 70%. Menariknya, konsentrasi ini merupakan kondisi nyata proses ALCELL. Di lain pihak, pada konsentrasi etanol 60-70%, hampir terbentuk azeotrop baru karena faktor kelarutan lignin mencapai maksimumnya (65,7%). Oleh karena itu, lignin perlu diendapkan sebelum regenerasi etanol dengan mengurangi rasio penambahan air. Kehadiran furfural menggeser titik azeotrop yang semula 89%-mol menjadi 72%-mol untuk penambahan 0,26%-massa furfural dan dari 70%-mol untuk penambahan 0,5%-massa furfural. Sebagai tambahan, pemodelan UNIFAC dapat direkomendasikan untuk memprediksi data kesetimbangan fasa uap-cair etanol-air-furfural dengan komposisi etanol di bawah 80%-massa . },
   issn = {2597-9914},   pages = {38--46}  doi = {10.14710/jksa.22.2.38-46},
    url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ksa/article/view/21172}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Tandan kosong sawit mengandung lignoselulosa yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan baku pulp. Salah satu metode pulping adalah dengan menggunakan etanol, yang disebut sebagai proses ALCELL (Alcohol Cellulose). Proses ini menghasilkan lindi hitam, dan untuk meningkatkan keramahlingkungan dan efisiensinya, etanol perlu diregenerasi. Adanya lignin, furfural, dan NaOH dalam lindi hitam menurunkan volatilitas relatif etanol sehingga menyulitkan tahapan regenerasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum regenerasi etanol melalui analisis kelarutan lignin dan kesetimbangan fasa uap-cair. Pengujian kelarutan lignin dilakukan dengan menjumputkan sejumlah lignin ke dalam 180 mL etanol-air. Percobaan kesetimbangan fasa menggunakan ebuliometer Fowler-Norris termodifikasi, dan simulasi selanjutnya memanfaatkan model UNIFAC (UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients). Terdapat lima larutan model sebagai variasi, yaitu larutan A (etanol-air-0,315% NaOH), B (etanol-air-1,26% lignin), C (etanol-air-0,26% furfural), D (etanol-air-0,5% furfural), dan E (etanol-air-1% furfural). Operasi bersifat isobarik pada tekanan 690 mmHg dan temperatur ruang (±25°C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kenaikan kelarutan lignin hanya sedikit dipengaruhi oleh penambahan konsentrasi etanol jika konsentrasinya kurang dari 40%, namun meningkat secara signifikan dan mencapai maksimumnya pada konsentrasi etanol sekitar 70%. Menariknya, konsentrasi ini merupakan kondisi nyata proses ALCELL. Di lain pihak, pada konsentrasi etanol 60-70%, hampir terbentuk azeotrop baru karena faktor kelarutan lignin mencapai maksimumnya (65,7%). Oleh karena itu, lignin perlu diendapkan sebelum regenerasi etanol dengan mengurangi rasio penambahan air. Kehadiran furfural menggeser titik azeotrop yang semula 89%-mol menjadi 72%-mol untuk penambahan 0,26%-massa furfural dan dari 70%-mol untuk penambahan 0,5%-massa furfural. Sebagai tambahan, pemodelan UNIFAC dapat direkomendasikan untuk memprediksi data kesetimbangan fasa uap-cair etanol-air-furfural dengan komposisi etanol di bawah 80%-massa.

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Keywords: kesetimbangan uap-cair; UNIFAC; furfural; lignin; NaOH; sistem etanol-air

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In Vol 22, No 2 (2019): Volume 22 Issue 2 Year 2019

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