Encapsulation of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) Solution Fertilizer in Silica-Cellulose Matrix for Slow-Release Nitrogen and Improved Growth of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

Rizki Permatasari; Choiril Azmiyawati; Sriatun Sriatun

doi:10.14710/jksa.29.2.73-81

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.29.2.73-81

Encapsulation of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) Solution Fertilizer in Silica-Cellulose Matrix for Slow-Release Nitrogen and Improved Growth of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

Rizki Permatasari, Choiril Azmiyawati

, Sriatun Sriatun

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH., Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia

Received: 29 Nov 2025; Revised: 29 Jan 2026; Accepted: 3 Feb 2026; Published: 14 Mar 2026.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JKSA79757,
    author = {Rizki Permatasari and Choiril Azmiyawati and Sriatun Sriatun},
    title = {Encapsulation of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) Solution Fertilizer in Silica-Cellulose Matrix for Slow-Release Nitrogen and Improved Growth of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)},
    journal = {Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi},
  volume = {29},
    number = {2},
    year = {2026},
    keywords = {mesoporous silica; cellulose; UAN fertilizer; encapsulation; slow-release fertilizer},
    abstract = {Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth; however, its absorption efficiency remains relatively low due to significant nitrogen loss to the environment. To overcome this limitation, the development of slow-release fertilizers (SRF) is crucial, enabling controlled, gradual nutrient release. This study aims to develop and evaluate a cellulose-modified mesoporous silica matrix as an encapsulation material for Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) fertilizer, a liquid formulation containing urea, ammonium, and nitrate. The material was synthesized using the sol-gel method with variations including pure silica, non-calcined silica-cellulose, silica-cellulose calcined at 550°C and 700°C, and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Characterization techniques included Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group identification, Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) for morphology and elemental composition, and Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA) for surface area and pore size analysis. The results showed that the silica-cellulose composite calcined at 550°C (SSCGK550) had the highest fertilizer release value of 893.7 ppm. Plant growth test results show that plants treated with SSCGK550 had the highest growth, with a length of 8 cm and 8 leaves per stem by day 15, whereas plants treated with conventional fertilizer (control) showed a lower growth response, with an average height of 5 cm and only 3 leaves per stem by day 15. These findings demonstrate the success of encapsulating UAN fertilizer in a silica-cellulose matrix and highlight its potential as an efficient slow-release fertilizer to support sustainable agriculture.},
   issn = {2597-9914},   pages = {73--81}  doi = {10.14710/jksa.29.2.73-81},
    url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ksa/article/view/79757}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth; however, its absorption efficiency remains relatively low due to significant nitrogen loss to the environment. To overcome this limitation, the development of slow-release fertilizers (SRF) is crucial, enabling controlled, gradual nutrient release. This study aims to develop and evaluate a cellulose-modified mesoporous silica matrix as an encapsulation material for Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) fertilizer, a liquid formulation containing urea, ammonium, and nitrate. The material was synthesized using the sol-gel method with variations including pure silica, non-calcined silica-cellulose, silica-cellulose calcined at 550°C and 700°C, and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Characterization techniques included Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group identification, Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) for morphology and elemental composition, and Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA) for surface area and pore size analysis. The results showed that the silica-cellulose composite calcined at 550°C (SSCGK550) had the highest fertilizer release value of 893.7 ppm. Plant growth test results show that plants treated with SSCGK550 had the highest growth, with a length of 8 cm and 8 leaves per stem by day 15, whereas plants treated with conventional fertilizer (control) showed a lower growth response, with an average height of 5 cm and only 3 leaves per stem by day 15. These findings demonstrate the success of encapsulating UAN fertilizer in a silica-cellulose matrix and highlight its potential as an efficient slow-release fertilizer to support sustainable agriculture.

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Keywords: mesoporous silica; cellulose; UAN fertilizer; encapsulation; slow-release fertilizer

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Section: Research Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 29, No 2 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 2 Year 2026

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