DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.29.4.306-313

The Potential of Sonication Residue of Hydrilla verticillata Modified with Citric Acid as a Biosorbent for Cadmium Metal

1Department of Chemistry, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang, Indonesia

2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical of Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang, Indonesia

Received: 24 Dec 2025; Revised: 8 Mar 2026; Accepted: 1 Apr 2026; Published: 25 May 2026.
Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

The increase in the number of industries in this era has an impact on water-related environmental problems, particularly heavy-metal waste, including cadmium. This study aims to determine the ability and optimal conditions of the sonication residue biosorbent Hydrilla verticillata. Biosorbents were obtained from sonication residues, then demineralized with 0.4 M HNO3 and modified with 1 M citric acid. Pure and modified biosorbents were subjected to adsorption tests at varying pH levels (5-9), contact times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 minutes, and initial concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm. All adsorption experiments were conducted in triplicate, and the results are presented as mean values. This approach ensures the reliability of the adsorption performance evaluation. The resulting solution was then digested, analyzed using the AAS instrument, and characterized using the FTIR instrument. The results of the research were the successful modification of the biosorbent, marked by a change in color from brownish green to brown and a rough texture, and the detection of the IR spectrum of the C=O group at 1728.21 cm−1. The optimum conditions were obtained with the modified biosorbent: pH 7 (93.6%), contact time 105 minutes (98.3%), and initial concentration 10 ppm (98.7%).

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Keywords: Sonication Residue; Hydrilla verticillata; Modified Biosorbent; Citric Acid; Cadmium
Funding: Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

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Section: Joint Chemistry Conference – International Conference on Integrated Chemical Sciences 2025
Language : EN
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