DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v19i1.51552

The Entry Selection System in Indonesia’s Public High Schools: Quo vadis

*Muhamad Dzadit Taqwa orcid  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia ; Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
M. Irfan Dwi Putra  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Edmond Wangtri Putra  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright 2023 LAW REFORM under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

The selection mechanism for students seeking admission into public high schools still leaves the question: is it going to solve problems or even worsen them? The zoning, age, and affirmation bases were initially oriented to be an inclusive selection system based on the concept of equity. Conversely, these bases lead to new problems, such as (1) the disappearance of a fair selection mechanism based on merit, (2) the inability of students from low-quality educational backgrounds to compete with students from high-quality educational backgrounds, (3) the challenges experienced by teachers in adjusting the quality gap between the students selected by the merit-based system and those selected by the current system, (4) the damaged school culture, and (5) the occurrence of legal manipulation. Using the legal normative approach, the aim of the study analyzed this issue through the right and freedom of education. The result that the status quo system is not in line with the freedom of education, and even creates new problems. The government should have improved the quality of the education infrastructures such as teachers, curriculum, and school facilities, before focusing on the access to education. This mechanism becomes an unfair hurdle on their right to and freedom of education. The government to carefully review and re-examine the status quo system; the end might be a significant revision on the existing regulations.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Age; Equity; Freedom; Selection; Zonation.

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Legal Certainty in Land Rights Acquisition in Indonesia’s National Land Law Authority of the Dispute Council in the Resolution of Construction Disputes in Indonesia The Indonesian Constitutional Court Approaches the Proportionality Principle to the Cases Involving Competing Rights Application of Universal Jurisdiction Principles to Cross-Country Money Laundering More recent articles
Most cited articles
COUNTER TERRORISM BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN KEJAHATAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA IMPLEMENTASI PENILAIAN KEBARUAN DAN PRINSIP ITIKAD BAIK DALAM PERLINDUNGAN DESAIN INDUSTRI PRIVATISASI BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA PENDIDIKAN HUKUM SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN MANUSIA GLOBALISASI LESBIAN, GAY, BISEKSUAL, DAN TRANSGENDER (LGBT): PERSPEKTIF HAM DAN AGAMA DALAM LINGKUP HUKUM DI INDONESIA More cited articles
  1. Anomaly, J. (2015). Public goods and government action. Politics, hilosophy and Economics, Vol.14,(No.2),pp.109–28. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1470594X13 505414
  2. Arman., Purwandaya, Budhi., & Saefuddin, Asep. (2020). The Impact of Quality of Education and Higher Education on Economic Growth. Journal of Economic Education, Vol.9,(No.1),pp.64-70. https://doi.org/10.15294/jeec.v9i1.36774
  3. Baafi, Richard Kwabena Akrofi. (2020). School Physical Environment and Students Academic Performance. Advances in Physical Education, Vol.10, (No.2),pp.121–137. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2020.1020 12
  4. Bedard, Kelly., & Dhuey, Elizabeth. (2006). The Persistence of Early Childhood Maturity: International Evidence of Long-Run Age Effects. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.121,(No.4),pp.1437–1472. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/121.4.1437
  5. Cannon, Michelle., Connolly, Steve., & Parry, Rebecca. (2022). Media Literacy, Curriculum and the Rights of the Child. Discourse,Vol.43,(No.2),pp.323–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2020.1829551
  6. Chaudry, Ajay., & Wimer, Christopher. (2016). Poverty is Not Just an Indicator: The Relationship Between Income, Poverty, and Child Well-Being. Academic Pedriatics, Vol.16,(No.3),pp.23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2015.12.010
  7. Cho, Sungwook., & Heshmati, Almas. (2015). What if you had been less fortunate: The effects of poor family background on current labor market outcomes. Journal of Economics Studies, Vol.42, (No.1), pp.20–33. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-10-2013-0143
  8. Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). Teacher Quality and Student Achievement: A Review of State Policy Evidence. Education Policy Analysis Archives, Vol.8, (No.1), pp.1–44. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v8n1.2000
  9. Earthman, Glen I. (2002). School Facility Conditions and Students Academic Achievement. UCLA’s Institutes for Democracy, Education, and Access, pp.1–18. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sw5643
  10. Elliot, M. (1998). School Finance and Opportunities to Learn: Does Money Well Spent Enhance Students’ Achievement? Sociology of Education, Vol.71, (No.3), pp.223–245. https://doi.org/10.2307/2673203
  11. Gregory, Anne., Cornell, Dewey., & Fan, Xitao. (2011). The Relationship of School Structure and Support to Suspension Rates for Black and White High School Students. American Educational Research Journal, Vol.48,(No.4),pp.904–934. https://doi.org/ 10.3102/0002831211398531
  12. Grimm, D. (2007). Proportionality in Canadian and German Constitutional Jurisprudence. The University of Toronto Law Journal, Vol.57,(No.2),pp.383–397. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4491725
  13. Guswandi, Fawina A. (2021). School Starting Age and Academic Performance: An Empirical Study in Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan, Vol.5, (No.3), pp.344–362. https://doi.org/10.365 74/jpp.v5i3.218
  14. Hermanto, B. (2020). Perekayasaan Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Untuk Mencerdaskan Kehidupan Bangsa. Foundasia, Vol.11, (No.2),pp.52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831 /foundasia.v11i2.26933
  15. Huda, Muhammad Wahyu Saiful., & Hidayat, Arif. (2021). Quo Vadis Pendidikan di Masa Pandemi: Menyoal Tanggung Jawab Negara terhadap Hak atas Pendidikan Peserta Didik. Seminar Nasional Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang, Vol.7, (No.1),pp.178–196. https://doi.org/10.15294/snhunnes.v7i1.711
  16. Killen, Melanie., & Rutland, Adam. (2022). Promoting Fair and Just School Environments: Developing Inclusive Youth. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol.9, (No.1), pp.81–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211073795
  17. Kotzmann, J. (2015). Lifting the Cloak of Conceptual Confusion: Exploring the Meaning of the Human Right to Higher Education. Australian Journal for Human Rights,Vol.21,(No.1),pp.71–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/1323238X.2015.11910932
  18. Kumm, M. (2010). The Idea of Socratic Contestation and the Right to Justification: The Point of Rights-Based Proportionality Review. Law & Ethics of Human Rights, Vol.4,(No.2),pp.142–175. https://doi.org/10.2202/1938-2545.1047
  19. Lestari, Ayu Budi., Kurniawan, Fariz., & Ardi, Rifal Bayu. (2020). Penyebab Tingginya Angka Anak Putus Sekolah Jenjang Sekolah Dasar (SD). Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, Vol.4(No.2),pp.299–308. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v4i2.24470
  20. Longobardi, Claudio., Settani, Michele, Lin, Shanyan., & Fabris, Matteo Angelo. (2020). Student-Teacher Relationship Quality and Prosocial Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Academic Achievement and a Positive Attitude Towards School. British Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.91, (No.2), pp.547-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep. 12378
  21. Manan, M. (2015). The Implementation of The Right to Education in Indonesia. Indonesia Law Review, Vol.5, (No.1), pp.52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v5n1.137
  22. Mason, M. (2016). Is Thorough Implementation of Policy Change in Education Actually Possible? What Complexity Theory Tells Us About Initiating and Sustaining Change. European Journal of Education, Vol.51, (No.2),pp.437–440. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26609336
  23. Nurjaningsih, ST., & Qonita, Amatullah. (2019) Manajemen Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB) Sistem Zonasi. Jurnal Tata Kelola Pendidikan, Vol.1, (No.2), pp. 126-138. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/jtkp/article/view/32544
  24. Pelizzari, Michele., & Billari, Francesco C. (2012). The younger, the better? Age-related differences in academic performance at university. Journal of Population Economics, Vol.25, (No.2), pp.697–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0014 8-011-0379-3
  25. Peterson, N. (2020). Alexy and the “German” Model of Proportionality: Why the Theory of Constitutional Rights Does Not Provide a Representative Reconstruction of the Proportionality Test. German Law Journal, Vol.21,(No.2),pp.164–173. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.9
  26. Pradewi, Gunarti Ika., & Rukiyati. (2019). Kebijakan Sistem Zonasi dalam Perspektif Pendidikan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Supervisi Pendidikan, Vol. 4, (No.1), pp. 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um025 v4i12019p028
  27. Qutoshi, Sadruddin Bahadur. (2020). Meaningful Parental Contribution to Ensure Children’s Freedom of Expression at Early Ages: A Sustainable Development Approach. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, Vol.14, (No.12), pp.218–241. https://www.ijicc.net/images/ Vol_14/Iss_12/141221_Qutoshi_2020_E1_R.pdf
  28. Ridwan, Jaya, Belardo Prasetya Mega., & Imani, Sarah Haderizqi. (2022). The Implementation of General Principles of Convention on The Rights of The Child During Covid-19 Pandemic in The City of Serang. Law Reform, Vol.18, (No.1), pp.16-27. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v18i1.44643
  29. Robinson, Carol., Phillips, Louise., & Quennerstedt, Ann. (2020). Human rights education: developing a theoretical understanding of teachers’ Responsibilities. Educational Review,Vol.72,(No.2),pp.221–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2018.1495182
  30. Sakic, Marija., Burusic, Josip., & Babarovic, Toni. (2013). The relation between school entrance age and school achievement during primary schooling: Evidence from Croasian primary schools. British Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.83, (No.4), pp.651–663. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep. 12000
  31. Stone, A. (2020). Proportionality and Its Alternatives. Federal Law Review, Vol.48 (No.1),pp.124–156. https://doi.org/10.117 7/0067205X19890448
  32. Titahelu, Juanrico Alfaromona S. (2022). Legal Liability for Crimes against Humanity as A Form of Human Rights Violation (Criminal Law Perspective), Law Reform,Vol.18, (No.1),pp.29-42. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v18i1.44154
  33. Ula, Dany Miftahul., & Lestari, Irvan. (2019). Imbas Sistem Zonasi Bagi Sekolah Favorit dan Masyarakat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran 2019,pp.195–201. https://seminar.umpo.ac.id/index.php/SNPP2019/article/view/325
  34. Varadan, S. (2019). The Principle of Evolving Capacities under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The International Journal of Children's Rights, Vol.27,(No.2),pp.307–338. https://doi.org/ 10.1163/15718182-02702006
  35. Veirissa, Audi H. (2021). Kualitas Guru di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana, Vol.4 (No.1), pp.267–272. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/snpasca/article/view/861
  36. Vito, Benediktus., Krisnani., Hetty, & Resnawaty., Risna. (2015). Kesenjangan Pendidikan Desa dan Kota. Prosiding Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Vol.2 (No.2),pp.247–251. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v2i2.13533
  37. Wang, Ming Te Wang., & Degol, Jessica L. (2015). School Climate: A Review of the Construct, Measurement, and Impact on Student Outcomes. Educational Psychology Review, Vol.28, pp.315–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9319-1
  38. Wilson, Suzanne M. (2011). How can we improve teacher quality? Phi Delta Kappan, Vol.93, (No.2),pp.64–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 003172171109300214
  39. Yuliani, N. (2021). Tinjauan Yuridis Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru dalam Sistem Zonasi. Journal Presumption of Law, Vol.3, (No.1), pp.80–102. https://doi.org/10.31949/jpl.v3i1. 986
  40. Zhang, Shiying., Zhong, Ruoyu., & Zhang, Junchao. (2017). School Starting Age and Academic Achievement: Evidence from China’s Junior High School. China Economic Review, Vol.44, pp.343-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2017.03.004
  41. Barak, A. (2012). Proportionality: Constitutional Rights and their Limitations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  42. Mitchell, Karen., Robinson, David., Plake, Barbara., & Knowles, Kaeli (2001). Testing Teacher Candidates: The Role of Licensure Tests in Improving Teacher Quality. Washington DC: National Academy Press
  43. Papadimitropoulos, V. (2020). The Commons: Economic Alternatives in the Digital Age. London: University of Westminster
  44. Tarrow, N Bernstein. (2014). Human Rights & Education. Oxford: Pergamon Press
  45. Tobin, J. (2019). The UN Convention on the Rights of Child: A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press
  46. Young, K. (2017). Proportionality, Reasonableness, and Economic and Social Rights. In V. Jackson & M. Tushnet, Proportionality: New Frontiers, New Challenges (pp. 221-247). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  47. Cipta, H. (2022). Gubernur Kalbar Cerita Banyak Orangtua Numpang KK untuk Masukkan Anaknya ke Sekolah Favorit. Retrieved from https://regional.kompas.com/read/ 2022/07/12/095121078/gubernur-kalbar-cerita-banyak-orangtua-numpang-kk-untuk-masukkan-anaknya-ke
  48. Admission to Higher Education Review. (2004). Fair Admission to Higher Education: Recommendation for Good Practice. Retrieved from https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/ 5284/1/finalreport.pdf
  49. Kominfo. (2018). Semua Bisa Sekolah! Zonasi untuk Pemerataan yang Berkualitas. Retrieved from https://www.kominfo.go.id/ content/detail/13689/semua-bisa-sekolah-zonasi-untuk-pemerataan-yang-berkualitas/0/artikel_gpr
  50. Maradewa, R. (2019). KPAI Temukan Praktek Jual Beli Kursi pada PPDB 2019. Retrieved from https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/kpai-temukan-praktek-jual-beli-kursi-pada-ppdb-2019
  51. Supriadi, B. (2020). Kecurangan PPDB Sistem Zonasi di Jember, SKD Palsu Rampas Hak Anak. Retrieved from https://regional. kompas.com/read/2020/07/07/15115841/kecurangan-ppdb-sistem-zonasi-di-jember-skd-palsu-rampas-hak-anak?page=all
  52. Syaefudin, A. (2020). Banyak Siswa Berprestasi Tak Masuk Negeri, Anggota DPRD Ini Minta PPDB Diulang. Retrieved from https://monitor.co.id/2020/07/16/banyak-siswa-berprestasi-tak-masuk-negeri-anggota-dprd-ini-minta-ppdb-diulang/
  53. Tanjung, S. (2022). PPDB di Tangerang Jadi Temuan Ombudsman, Diduga Ada Permainan Uang dan Celah Manipulasi Jalur Zonasi. Retrieved from https://news.bantenpro.id/daerah/3642/ppdb-di-tangerang-jadi-temuan-ombudsman-diduga-ada-permainan-uang-dan-celah-manipulasi-jalur-zonasi/
  54. Oebaidillah, S. (2019). SKTM Ditiadakan dalam PPDB 2019. Retrieved from https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/209153/sktm-ditiadakan-dalam-ppdb-2019
  55. Kusuma, M. (2022). Sejumlah Sekolah Negeri Kekurangan Siswa di PPDB 2022, Sistem Zonasi Perlu Dikaji? Retrieved from https://www.soloposfm.com/sejumlah-sekolah-negeri-kekurangan-siswa-di-ppdb-2022-sistem-zonasi-perlu-dikaji/22684/

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-05 09:24:59

No citation recorded.