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Implementasi Literasi Kesehatan Mental Pasien Rehabilitasi Psikososial Rumah Sakit Jiwa Islam Jakarta

*Muhammad Agung Riyaldi  -  Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Received: 31 Oct 2022; Revised: 24 Jul 2023; Accepted: 2 Dec 2023; Published: 30 Dec 2023.

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Abstract

Literasi kesehatan mental merupakan pengetahuan dan keyakinan tentang gangguan kesehatan mental yang membantu mengenali, mengelola, dan mencegah gangguan mental. Dibutuhkan adanya literasi kesehatan mental untuk memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan pengobatan untuk mengatasi gangguan mental. Dengan kondisi tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah lebih dekat keseharian pasien Rumah Sakit Jiwa (RSJ) dalam mengimplementasikan literasi kesehatan mental. Teknik penjaringan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara pada Juni hingga Oktober 2022. Hasilnya informan memahami gangguan mental, pengetahuan tempat pelayanan kesehatan, dan pengobatan yang tepat. Dengan saling mengenal ragam diagnosa gangguan mental lainnya pengetahuan pasien dan kemampuan bersosialisasi untuk berintegrasi dengan masyarakat bertambah. Pada dasarnya dengan hadirnya pasien di RSJ, literasi kesehatan mental telah diimplementasikan. Namun dorongan untuk mendapatkan literasi kesehatan mental masih terdapat stigma. Simpulannya, masih terdapat faktor penghambat literasi kesehatan mental, yaitu stigma. Apabila seseorang melihat anggota masyarakat yang mengalami gejala gangguan mental, maka dapat dibawa ke bantuan profesional kesehatan mental, salah satunya RSJ, tanpa perlu memberikan stigma. Sebagai pasien RSJ, para informan juga dapat bersikap seperti orang yang tidak terdiagnosa gangguan mental; memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang tinggi, dan mampu mencapai cita-citanya. Misalnya, salah satu di antara mereka dapat melanjutkan studi lanjut ke Inggris. Hal ini dapat menjadi salah satu acuan untuk menghalau stigma tersebut. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan saling pemahaman antara pasien gangguan mental dengan masyarakat luas.

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Keywords: literasi kesehatan mental; rehabiltiasi psikososial; rumah sakit jiwa

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