Preparedness among Family Caregivers of Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia

Ike Wuri Winahyu Sari; Novita Nirmalasari

doi:10.14710/nmjn.v10i3.31954

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v10i3.31954

Preparedness among Family Caregivers of Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia

*Ike Wuri Winahyu Sari - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Novita Nirmalasari - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{NMJN31954,
    author = {Ike Wuri Winahyu Sari and Novita Nirmalasari},
    title = {Preparedness among Family Caregivers of Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia},
    journal = {Nurse Media Journal of Nursing},
  volume = {10},
    number = {3},
    year = {2020},
    keywords = {Caregiver Preparedness; Indonesia; non-communicable Disease; PCS},
    abstract = {  Background : Family caregivers spend 24 hours a day looking after and assisting patients. However, they are not always adequately prepared for all the problems they face. There is a lack of evidence exploring caregivers’ preparedness among family caregivers of patients with non-communicable diseases in Indonesia.   Purpose : This study aimed to identify caregivers’ preparedness among family caregivers of patients with non-communicable diseases.   Methods : This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 120 Indonesian family caregivers for patients with non-communicable diseases, who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using the Indonesian version of the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale (PCS) which had been validated before its use. The possible scores of this tool ranged from 0.00 to 4.00. The higher the score, the more prepared the family caregivers were. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA .   Results : Family caregivers reported feeling of moderately prepared for caregiving. The score of family caregiver preparedness for patients with diabetes, cancer, and chronic kidney disease were 2.97±0.42; 2.83±0.40; 2.89±0.49, respectively with possible range from 0.00 to 4.00. There were no differences on the caregivers’ preparedness among family caregivers of patients with non-communicable diseases ( p =0.387).   Conclusion : Caregivers’ preparedness is an essential element of patient care. Nurses have to be proactive in assessing each family caregiver’s preparedness to enhance the quality of life of both the family caregivers and the patients themselves, so that they can be empowered as a source of nursing care. },
   issn = {2406-8799},   pages = {339--349}  doi = {10.14710/nmjn.v10i3.31954},
    url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/31954}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Background: Family caregivers spend 24 hours a day looking after and assisting patients. However, they are not always adequately prepared for all the problems they face. There is a lack of evidence exploring caregivers’ preparedness among family caregivers of patients with non-communicable diseases in Indonesia.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify caregivers’ preparedness among family caregivers of patients with non-communicable diseases.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 120 Indonesian family caregivers for patients with non-communicable diseases, who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using the Indonesian version of the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale (PCS) which had been validated before its use. The possible scores of this tool ranged from 0.00 to 4.00. The higher the score, the more prepared the family caregivers were. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA .

Results: Family caregivers reported feeling of moderately prepared for caregiving. The score of family caregiver preparedness for patients with diabetes, cancer, and chronic kidney disease were 2.97±0.42; 2.83±0.40; 2.89±0.49, respectively with possible range from 0.00 to 4.00. There were no differences on the caregivers’ preparedness among family caregivers of patients with non-communicable diseases (p=0.387).

Conclusion: Caregivers’ preparedness is an essential element of patient care. Nurses have to be proactive in assessing each family caregiver’s preparedness to enhance the quality of life of both the family caregivers and the patients themselves, so that they can be empowered as a source of nursing care.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: Caregiver Preparedness; Indonesia; non-communicable Disease; PCS

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 10, No 3 (2020): (December 2020)

Recent articles

Peer Learning: An Effective Teaching-Learning Method for Improving Ability in Arterial Blood Gases Interpretation The Relationship between Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Saudi Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study Identifying Community/Public Health Nursing Competencies in Indonesia: A Modified Delphi Method Editorial Back Matter Editorial Front Matter More recent articles

Most cited articles

Correlation between Coping Strategies and Quality of Life among Myocardial Infarction Patients in Nepal Effects of Acupoint Stimulation with Digital Massager of Oxytocin on the Breast Milk Production of Working Mothers Case Study: Evidence-Based Interventions Enhancing Diabetic Foot Care Behaviors among Hospitalized DM Patients Cardiac Rehabilitation Enhancing Programs in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A literature Review Relationships between Triage Knowledge, Training, Working Experiences and Triage Skills among Emergency Nurses in East Java, Indonesia More cited articles

Ahn, S., Hochhalter, A.K., Moudouni, D.K., Smith, M.L., & Ory, M.G. (2012). Self-reported physical and mental health of older adults: the roles of caregiving and resources. Maturitas, 71, 62-69. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.10.011
Archbold, P.G., Stewart, B.J., Greenlick, M.R., & Harvath, T. (1990). Mutuality and preparedness as predictors of caregiver role strain. Research in Nursing & Health, 13, 375-384. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770130605
Carter, J.H., Lyons, K.S., Stewart, B.J., Archbold, P.G., & Scobee, R. (2010). Does age make a difference in caregiver strain? Comparison of young versus older caregivers in early-stage Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 25, 724-730. doi: 10.1002/mds.22888
Effendy, C., Vissers, K., Tejawinata, S., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Engels, Y. (2014). Dealing with symptoms and issues of hospitalized patients with cancer in Indonesia: the role of families, nurses, and physicians. Pain Practice, 15(5), 441-6. doi: 10.1111/papr.12203
El-Majzoub, S., Mucsi, I., Li, M., Moussaoui, G., Lipman, M.L., Looper, K.J., … Rej, S. (2019). Psychosocial distress and health service utilization in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a prospective study. Psychosomatics, 60(4), 385-392. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2018.10.001
Funk, L. M., Chappell, N. L. & Liu, G. (2011). Associations between filial responsibility and caregiver well-being: are there differences by cultural group? Research on Aging, 35(1), 78-95. doi: 10.1177/0164027511422450
Given, B.A., Given, C.W., & Sherwood, P. (2012). The challenge of quality cancer care for family caregivers. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 28 (4), 205-212. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2012.09.002
Gonzales, E. W., Polansky, M., Lippa, C. F., Gitlin, L. N., & Zauszniewski, J. A. (2014). Enhancing resourcefulness to improve outcomes in family caregivers and persons with alzheimer’s disease: a pilot randomized trial. International Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 1–10. doi: 10.1155/2014/323478
Grant, M., Sun, V., Fujinami, R., Sidhu, R., Otis-Green, S., Juarez, G., … Ferrell, B. (2012). Family caregiver burden, skills preparedness, and quality of life in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 40, 337-346. doi: 10.1188/13.ONF.337-346
Guan, T., Santacroce, S. J., Chen, D., & Song, L. (2020). Illness uncertainty, coping, and quality of life among patients with prostate cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 29(6), 1019-1025. doi: 10.1002/pon.5372
Henriksson, A., Andershed, B., Benzein, E., & Arestedt, K. (2012). Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the preparedness for caregiving scale, caregiver competence scale and rewards of caregiving scale in a sample of Swedish family members of patients with life-threatening illness. Palliative Medicine, 26, 930-938. doi: 10.1177/0269216311419987
International Diabetes Federation (IDF). (2017). IDF Clinical practice recommendation for managing type 2 diabetes in primary care. ISBN: 978-2-930229-85-0. Retrieved from www.idf.org/managing-type2-diabetes
Kaye, H. S., Harrington, C., & LaPlante, M. P. (2010). Long-term care: who gets it, who provides it, who pays, and how much?. Health Affairs, 29(1), 11–21. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0535
Kristanti, M. S., Engels, Y., Effendy, C., Astuti, Utarini, A., & Vernooij-Dassen, M. (2017). Comparison of the lived experiences of family caregivers of patients with dementia and of patients with cancer in Indonesia. International Psychogeriatrics, 30(6), 903–914. doi: 10.1017/s1041610217001508
Liu, J., Liu, Q., Huang, Y., Wang, W., He, G., & Zeng, Y. (2020). The effects of personal characteristics, disease uncertainty and knowledge on family caregivers’ preparedness of stroke survivors: A cross‐sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 22(4), 892-902. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12743
Machado, B.M., Dahdah, D.F., & Kebbe, L.M. (2018). Caregivers of family members with chronic diseases: coping strategies used in everyday life. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 26(2), 299-313. doi: 10.4322/2526-8910.ctoao1188
Maheshwari, P.S. & Mahal, R.K. (2016). Relationship of preparedness and burden among family caregivers of cancer patients in India. Journal of Health, Medicine, and Nursing, 22, 35-44
Mazanec, S., Reichlin, D., Gittleman, H., & Daly, B. (2018). Perceived needs, preparedness, and emotional distress of male caregivers of postsurgical women with gynecologic cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 45(2), 197–205. doi: 10.1188/18.onf.197-205
Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia. (2018). Hasil utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2018 [Main results of Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) 2018]. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Retrieved from https://www.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/info-terkini/hasil-riskesdas-2018.pdf
Otto, A. K., Ketcher, D., Heyman, R. E., Vadaparampil, S. T., Ellington, L., & Reblin, M. (2020). Communication between advanced cancer patients and their family caregivers: relationship with caregiver burden and preparedness for caregiving. Health Communication, 1–8. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1712039
Petruzzo, A., Biagioli, V., Durante, A., Emberti Gialloreti, L., D’Agostino, F., Alvaro, R., & Vellone, E. (2018). Influence of preparedness on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in caregivers of heart failure patients: Testing a model of path analysis. Patient Education and Counseling, 102(5), 1021-1028. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.12.027
Petruzzo, A., Paturzo, M., Buck, H.G., Barbaranelli, C., A’Agostino, F., Ausili, D., ….Vellone, E. (2017). Psychometric evaluation of the caregiver preparedness scale in caregivers of adults with heart failure. Research in Nursing & Health, 40(5), 470-478. doi: 10.1002/nur.21811
Rha, S.Y., Park, Y., Song, S.K., Lee, C.E., & Lee, J. (2015). Caregiving burden and the quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients: the relationship and correlates. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 19, 376-382. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2015.01.004
Sari, I.W.W., Warsini, S., Effendy, C. (2018). Burden among family caregivers of advanced-cancer patients in Indonesia. Belitung Nursing Journal, 4(3), 295-303. doi: 10.33546/bnj.479
Schumacher, K.L., Stewart, B.J., & Archbold, P.G. (2007). Mutuality and preparedness moderate the effects of caregiving demand on cancer family caregiver outcomes. Nursing Research, 56, 425-433. doi: 10.1097/01.NNR.0000299852.75300.03
Shyu, Y.I., Yang, C.T., Huang, C.C., Kuo, H.C., Chen, S.T., & Hsu, W.C. (2010). Influences of mutuality, preparedness, and balance on caregivers of patients with dementia. The Journal of Nursing Research, 18 (3), 155–163. doi: 10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181ed5845
Subandi, M. (2011). Family expressed emotion in a Javanese cultural context. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 35(3), 331-346. doi: 10.1007/s11013-011-9220-4
Vellone, E., Biagioli, V., Durante, A., Buck, H. G., Iovino, P., Tomietto, M., … Petruzzo, A. (2020). The influence of caregiver preparedness on caregiver contributions to self-care in heart failure and the mediating role of caregiver confidence. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 35(3), 243–252. doi: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000632
Wang, H., Naghavi, M., Allen, C., Barber, R.M., Bhutta, Z., Carter, A., … Murray, C.J.L. (2016). Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet, 388 (10053), 1459–1544. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
Werdani, Y.D.W., & Silab, P.A.A. (2020). Self-efficay affects cancer patients in solving problems, seeking support and avoiding problems as coping mechanisms. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 10(2), 146-157. doi: 10.14710/nmjn.v10i2.26803
White, C. L., Barrientos, R., & Dunn, K. (2014). Dimensions of uncertainty after stroke. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 46(4), 233–240. doi: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000066
Wolff, J. L., & Jacobs, B. J. (2015). Chronic illness trends and the challenges to family caregivers. Family Caregiving in the New Normal, 79–103. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417046-9.00007-6
Yoon, S-J., Kim, J-S., Jung, J-G., Kim, S-S., & Kim, S. (2014). Modifiable factors associated with caregiver burden among family caregivers of terminally ill Korean cancer patients. Support Care Cancer, 22, 1243-1250. doi: 10.1007/s00520-013-2077-z

Last update:

Significado de la cronicidad para el cuidador y la persona cuidada: una revisión integrativa
Claudia Andrea Ramírez-Perdomo, Claudia Patricia Cantillo-Medina, Alix Yaneth Perdomo-Romero , María Elena Rodríguez-Vélez, Lili Andrea Buitrago Malaver, Ana Ligia Escobar Tobón. Avances en Enfermería, 41 (2), 2023. doi: 10.15446/av.enferm.v41n2.104867
Barriers and Support for Family Caregivers in Caring for Older Adults with Dementia: A Qualitative Study in Indonesia
Rita Hadi Widyastuti, Junaiti Sahar, Etty Rekawati, Aria Kekalih. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 13 (2), 2023. doi: 10.14710/nmjn.v13i2.55729
Tackling the escalating burden of care in Uganda: a qualitative exploration of the challenges experienced by family carers of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases
Lorna Montgomery, Cyprian Misinde, Alimah Komuhangi, Angela N. Kawooya, Peninah Agaba, Charlene M. McShane, Olinda Santin, Judith Apio, Christopher Jenkins, Florence Githinji, Mandi MacDonald, Florence Nakaggwa, Rose C. Nanyonga. BMC Health Services Research, 23 (1), 2023. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-10337-6
Evaluation of care burden and caregiving preparedness in caregivers of patients with epilepsy: A sample in eastern Turkey
Gülcan Bahcecioglu Turan, Nuray Dayapoğlu, Zülfünaz Özer. Epilepsy & Behavior, 124 , 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108370

Last update: 2025-05-17 10:53:04

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Journal Author(s) Rights

In order for the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro to publish and disseminate research articles, we need non-exclusive publishing rights (transferred from the author(s) to the publisher). This is determined by a publishing agreement between the author(s) and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro. This agreement involves the transfer or licensing of the copyright for publishing to the publisher, while authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles. The Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro supports the need for authors to share, disseminate, and maximize the impact of their research through these rights in any databases.

As the author(s), you have rights to a wide range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institution or company. These author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors publishing in the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing have extensive rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including:

use for classroom teaching by the author or the author’s institution and presentation at a meeting or conference, including distributing copies to attendees;
use for internal training by the author’s company;
distribution to colleagues for their research use;
use in a subsequent compilation of the author’s works;
inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgment of the final article);
preparation of derivative works (other than for commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgment of the final article);
voluntary posting on open websites operated by the author or the author’s institution for scholarly purposes;

following the open access license of the Creative Commons CC BY-SA License.

Authors, readers, and third parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (including the name of the creator and attribution parties, detailed information about the authors, a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The publisher will indicate any modification of the material (if any) and retain an indication of previous modifications using a CrossMark Policy and information about Erratum-Corrigendum notifications.

Authors, readers, and third parties can read, print, and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g., display it in a repository), translate the article, download it for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or reuse it for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material. They must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).

Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, non-exclusive right for publishing (publishing right) of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Publisher of the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro).

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP)'. An e-mail will be sent to the Corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing' form by online version of this agreement.

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, the Editors and the Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

Please note that even though we ask for a transfer of copyright for publishing (CTAP), our journal Author(s) retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights as mentioned before.

The Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form NMJN 2024]

The copyright form should be signed electronically and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original e-mail below:

Dr. Meira Erawati (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp.: +62-24-76480919; Fax.: +62-24-76486849
E-mail: media_ners@live.undip.ac.id

(This policy statements has been updated at 24th January 2024)

Preparedness among Family Caregivers of Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia

Journal Author(s) Rights

Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)

OFFICE INFORMATION