DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v12i1.41571

Emotion Regulation and Self-Injury Status among Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dyah Ayu Nur Safira  -  Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
*Nur Oktavia Hidayati orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Citra Windani Mambang Sari orcid publons  -  Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: One of the factors associated with the incident of self-injury among college students is emotion dysregulation, but many factors, namely self-criticism, daily guilt, and social factors are associated with emotion dysregulation as well. However, little is known about how the process happens and how the emotion regulation relates to other factors associated with the incident of self-injury.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between emotion regulation and self-injury status among nursing students.

Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted among 783 nursing students in a public university in Indonesia. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit the samples. The data were collected online using the Difficulties of Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI). The univariate analyses in the form of percentage and bivariate analyses with the Point Biserial test were performed for data analysis.

Results: The results showed that the minimum and maximum scores of emotion regulation in nursing students were 41 and 163, respectively. The mean score and standard deviation of emotion regulation were 96.75 and 20.948, subsequently. As many as one-third (32.6%) of students committed self-injury. The Point Biserial test showed a relationship between emotion regulation and self-injury status (sig. 2-tailed = 0.000).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between emotion regulation and self-injury status among nursing students. This study suggests the importance of health promotion and nursing intervention regarding emotion regulation as a prevention and treatment of self-injury among nursing students.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: College students; emotion regulation; self-injury

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Blood Pressure Control and Its Determinants among Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease in Myanmar Facilitating the Development of Clinical Competence in a Low-Resource Setting: Perceptions and Challenges of Nurse Educators The Relationship between Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Behavior, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in COVID-19: A Path Analysis Model Editorial Back Matter Editorial Front Matter More recent articles
Most cited articles
The Lived Experiences of Mentoring Nurses in Malaysia The Effect of Dietary and Exercise Self-Management Support Program on Dietary Behavior Exercise Behavior and Clinical Outcomes in Muslim Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 DM in a Community Setting in Indonesia Review: Public Health Nurses’ Roles and Competencies in Disaster Management Review: Burden on Family Caregivers Caring for Patients with Schizophrenia and Its Related Factors Effects of Acupoint Stimulation with Digital Massager of Oxytocin on the Breast Milk Production of Working Mothers More cited articles
  1. Allen, M. (2017). The sage encyclopedia of communication research methods (Vols. 1-4). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411
  2. Davis, T. S., Mauss, I. B., Lumian, D., Troy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., Zarolia, P., Ford, B. Q., & McRae, K. (2014). Emotional reactivity and emotion regulation among adults with a history of self-harm: Laboratory self-report and MRI evidence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(3), 499–509. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036962
  3. Donoso, L. M. B., Demerouti, E., Garrosa Hernández, E., Moreno-Jiménez, B., & Carmona Cobo, I. (2015). Positive benefits of caring on nurses’ motivation and well-being: A diary study about the role of emotional regulation abilities at work. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(4), 804–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.01.002
  4. Dubert, C. J., Schumacher, A. M., Locker, L., Gutierrez, A. P., & Barnes, V. A. (2016). Mindfulness and emotion regulation among nursing students: Investigating the mediation effect of working memory capacity. Mindfulness, 7(5), 1061–1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0544-6
  5. Ewing, L., Hamza, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2019). Stressful experiences, emotion dysregulation, and nonsuicidal self-injury among university students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(7), 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01025-y
  6. Gratz, K. L. (2001). Measurement of deliberate self-harm: Preliminary data on the deliberate self-harm inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012779403943
  7. Gratz, K. L. (2007). Targeting emotion dysregulation in the treatment of self-injury. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(11), 1091–1103. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp
  8. Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
  9. Hamdan-Mansour, A. M., Alzayyat, A. A., Hamaideh, S. H., Rafaiah, M.-Q. B., Jammal, O. L. A., & Hamdan-Mansour, L. A. (2021). Predictors of deliberate self-harm among university students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00561-8
  10. Hamza, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2016). Nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal risk among emerging adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(4), 411–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.05.019
  11. Hasking, P., & Claes, L. (2019). Transdiagnostic mechanisms involved in nonsuicidal self-injury, risky drinking and disordered eating: Impulsivity, emotion regulation and alexithymia. Journal of American College Health, 68(6), 603–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1583661
  12. Heath, N. L., Ross, S., Toste, J. R., Charlebois, A., & Nedecheva, T. (2009). Retrospective analysis of social factors and nonsuicidal self-injury among young adults. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 41(3), 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015732
  13. Kiekens, G., Hasking, P., Boyes, M., Claes, L., Mortier, P., Auerbach, R. P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J. G., Kessler, R. C., Myin-Germeys, I., Nock, M. K., & Bruffaerts, R. (2018). The associations between non-suicidal self-injury and first onset suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 239, 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.033
  14. Kiekens, G., Hasking, P., Claes, L., Boyes, M., Mortier, P., Auerbach, R. P., Cuijpers, P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J. G., Kessler, R. C., Myin-Germeys, I., Nock, M. K., & Bruffaerts, R. (2019). Predicting the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in college students. European Psychiatry, 59, 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.002
  15. Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Glenn, C. R. (2013). The relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury and attempted suicide: Converging evidence from four samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(1), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030278
  16. Klonsky, E. D., Muehlenkamp, J. J., Lewis, S. P., & Walsh, B. (2011). Advances in psychotherapy: Nonsuicidal self-injury. Hogrefe Publishing
  17. Koole, S. L., & Aldao, A. (2016). The self-regulation of emotion: Theoretical and empirical advances. In K. D. Vohs, & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (3rd ed., pp. 101-112). Guilford
  18. Lear, M. K., Wilkowski, B. M., & Pepper, C. M. (2019). A daily diary investigation of the defective self model among college students with recent self-injury. Behavior Therapy, 50(5), 1002–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2019.03.005
  19. McRae, K., & Gross, J. J. (2020). Emotion regulation. Emotion, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000703.supp
  20. Miller, A. E., & Racine, S. E. (2020). Emotion regulation difficulties as common and unique predictors of impulsive behaviors in university students. Journal of American College Health, 0(0), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1799804
  21. Mortier, P., Demyttenaere, K., Auerbach, R. P., Cuijpers, P., Green, J. G., Kiekens, G., Kessler, R. C., Nock, M. K., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Bruffaerts, R. (2017). First onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in college. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 291–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.033
  22. Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Cauley, B. (2016). Self-injury (non-suicidal). Encyclopedia of mental health, 4, 115–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397045-9.00250-0
  23. Munif, B., Poeranto, S., & Utami, Y. W. (2019). Effects of islamic spiritual mindfulness on stress among nursing students. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 9(1), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v9i1.22253
  24. Nurhalimah. (2016). Keperawatan jiwa [Psychiatric Nursing]. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
  25. Peterson, A. L., Chen, J. I., Karver, M. S., & Labouliere, C. D. (2019). Frustration with feeling: Latent classes of non-suicidal self-injury and emotion regulation difficulties. Psychiatry Research, 275(August 2018), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.014
  26. Rahayu, D. P., & Fauziah, N. (2019). Hubungan antara regulasi emosi dengan burnout pada perawat rawat inap Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah (RSJD) Dr Amino Gondohutomo Semarang [The relationship between emotional regulation and burnout in inpatient nurses at the Regional Psychiatric Hospital (RSJD) of Dr Amino Gondohutomo Semarang]. Empati, 8(2), 19–25
  27. Silva, E. C., Benjet, C., García, F. J., Cárdenas, S. J., Gómez-Maqueo, M. E. L., & Cruz, A. V. (2017). Non-suicidal self-injuries in a sample of Mexican university students. Salud Mental, 40(5), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2017.025
  28. Tan, S. C., Tam, C. L., & Bonn, G. (2018). Feeling better or worse? The lived experience of non-suicidal self-injury among Malaysian university students. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 10(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507686.2018.1541912
  29. Tresno, F., Ito, Y., & Mearns, J. (2012). Self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts among Indonesian college students. Death Studies, 36(7), 627–639. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2011.604464
  30. Turner, B. J., Austin, S. B., & Chapman, A. L. (2014). Treating nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review of psychological and pharmacological interventions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(11), 576–585. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371405901103
  31. Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S., & Selby, E. A. (2010). The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. 117(2), 575–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697.The
  32. Wolff, J. C., Thompson, E., Thomas, S. A., Nesi, J., Bettis, A. H., Ransford, B., Scopelliti, K., Frazier, E. A., & Liu, R. T. (2019). Emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 59, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.03.004
  33. Yates, T. M. (2009). Developmental pathways from child maltreatment to nonsuicidal self-injury. In M. K. Nock (Ed.), Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: Origins, assessment, and treatment (pp. 117–137). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11875-007
  34. Young, K. S., Sandman, C. F., & Craske, M. G. (2019). Positive and negative emotion regulation in adolescence: Links to anxiety and depression. Brain Sciences, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9040076
  35. Yurkowski, K., Martin, J., Levesque, C., Bureau, J. F., Lafontaine, M. F., & Cloutier, P. (2015). Emotion dysregulation mediates the influence of relationship difficulties on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in young adults. Psychiatry Research, 228(3), 871–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.006
  36. Zelkowitz, R. L., Cole, D. A., Han, G. T., & Tomarken, A. J. (2016). The incremental utility of emotion regulation but not emotion reactivity in non-suicidal self-injury. Suicide Life Threat Behavior, 46, 545-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12236
  37. Zelkowitz, R. L., Porter, A. C., Heiman, E. R., & Cole, D. A. (2017). Social exposure and emotion dysregulation: Main effects in relation to nonsuicidal self-injury. Journal of Adolescence, 60(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.015

Last update:

  1. Suicidal thoughts and behaviours among student nurses and midwives: A systematic review

    Samantha Groves, Karen Lascelles, Keith Hawton. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2023. doi: 10.1111/jan.15982

Last update: 2023-12-08 20:25:55

No citation recorded.