Nurses’ Knowledge on the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among Critically Ill Patients

Maha Sanat Alreshidi; Fareda Ali AlRashidi; Cyruz P. Tuppal; Nojoud Al Rashidi; Denise Angelo M. Prudencio; Rico William A. Villagracia; Hazel N. Villagracia

doi:10.14710/nmjn.v14i1.50955

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v14i1.50955

Nurses’ Knowledge on the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among Critically Ill Patients

Maha Sanat Alreshidi

- Nursing Administration Department; College of Nursing, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

Fareda Ali AlRashidi - King Salman Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia

*Cyruz P. Tuppal

- College of Nursing, MAPUA Malayan Colleges Laguna Philippines, Philippines

Nojoud Al Rashidi - Maternal and Child Health Department, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia

Denise Angelo M. Prudencio - Department of Nursing, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento Medical Center, United States

Rico William A. Villagracia - Medical Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

Hazel N. Villagracia

- University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{NMJN50955,
    author = {Maha Sanat Alreshidi and Fareda Ali AlRashidi and Cyruz Tuppal and Nojoud Al Rashidi and Denise Angelo Prudencio and Rico William Villagracia and Hazel Villagracia},
    title = {Nurses’ Knowledge on the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among Critically Ill Patients},
    journal = {Nurse Media Journal of Nursing},
  volume = {14},
    number = {1},
    year = {2024},
    keywords = {nurses, knowledge, prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Ventilator Bundle Checklist, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia},
    abstract = {  Background:  Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant concern in healthcare settings, particularly among critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation. Nurses play a vital role in preventing VAP through their knowledge and implementation of evidence-based practices. However, there exists a notable gap in the research regarding nurses’ knowledge of preventing VAP to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.   Purpose:  This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge of preventing VAP among critically ill patients using the ventilator bundle checklist.   Methods:  This study used a one-group pretest-posttest design to test the change in the nurses’ knowledge scores on VAP working in two government hospitals in Buraidah, Al Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. The study covered 250 purposively and conveniently sampled nurses from intensive care units. Data collection was performed in three phases: pre-test, VAP educational program, and post-test. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires on nurses’ socio-demographics, a 20-item self-made survey about the knowledge of VAP and its prevention and the adapted ventilator bundle checklist. The collected data were entered, prepared, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Relevant ethical issues were strictly considered.   Results:  The results showed that during the pre-test, correct responses were accounted for but showed low scores in the following areas: general knowledge of VAP (27.6%), factors associated with VAP (36%), international guidelines for prevention (20.8%), and nurses’ roles in prevention (16.4%). However, in the post-test, there was a remarkable increase in the knowledge scores in the same categories (95.2%) on general knowledge, on factors associated with VAP (74.8%), on international guidelines (73.6%) and on nurses’ roles in prevention (61.6%). The program significantly improved overall VAP knowledge and knowledge in specific areas like general VAP, associated factors, international guidelines, and nurses’ roles in prevention (p<0.000).   Conclusion:  A pre-test revealed low baseline knowledge across all four areas assessed: general VAP knowledge, factors associated with VAP, international VAP prevention guidelines, and nurses’ roles in VAP prevention. However, post-test scores markedly increased in all areas, indicating the educational program’s effectiveness. Hence, the findings suggest that educational intervention focused on VAP screening and bundle protocols could be beneficial to address the gap in knowledge on VAP. },
   issn = {2406-8799},   pages = {65--73}  doi = {10.14710/nmjn.v14i1.50955},
    url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/50955}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant concern in healthcare settings, particularly among critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation. Nurses play a vital role in preventing VAP through their knowledge and implementation of evidence-based practices. However, there exists a notable gap in the research regarding nurses’ knowledge of preventing VAP to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge of preventing VAP among critically ill patients using the ventilator bundle checklist.

Methods: This study used a one-group pretest-posttest design to test the change in the nurses’ knowledge scores on VAP working in two government hospitals in Buraidah, Al Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. The study covered 250 purposively and conveniently sampled nurses from intensive care units. Data collection was performed in three phases: pre-test, VAP educational program, and post-test. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires on nurses’ socio-demographics, a 20-item self-made survey about the knowledge of VAP and its prevention and the adapted ventilator bundle checklist. The collected data were entered, prepared, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Relevant ethical issues were strictly considered.

Results: The results showed that during the pre-test, correct responses were accounted for but showed low scores in the following areas: general knowledge of VAP (27.6%), factors associated with VAP (36%), international guidelines for prevention (20.8%), and nurses’ roles in prevention (16.4%). However, in the post-test, there was a remarkable increase in the knowledge scores in the same categories (95.2%) on general knowledge, on factors associated with VAP (74.8%), on international guidelines (73.6%) and on nurses’ roles in prevention (61.6%). The program significantly improved overall VAP knowledge and knowledge in specific areas like general VAP, associated factors, international guidelines, and nurses’ roles in prevention (p<0.000).

Conclusion: A pre-test revealed low baseline knowledge across all four areas assessed: general VAP knowledge, factors associated with VAP, international VAP prevention guidelines, and nurses’ roles in VAP prevention. However, post-test scores markedly increased in all areas, indicating the educational program’s effectiveness. Hence, the findings suggest that educational intervention focused on VAP screening and bundle protocols could be beneficial to address the gap in knowledge on VAP.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: nurses, knowledge, prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Ventilator Bundle Checklist, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 14, No 1 (2024): (April 2024)

Recent articles

Problems of Myanmar Women of Reproductive Age in Accessing Health Services as Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Qualitative Study The Association of Nurse Burnout with Patient Satisfaction from Nurse Perspective Mediated by Nurse Job Satisfaction and Caring Behavior Perceptions and Experiences of Nursing Students in Caring for People Living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa: A Qualitative Study More recent articles

Most cited articles

Effects of Islamic Spiritual Mindfulness on Stress among Nursing Students Decision Making towards Maternal Health Services in Central Java, Indonesia Nursing Students’ Attitudes towards Caring for Dying Patients Effects of Peer Support Program on Self-Management in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis Attitudes, Belief, and Barriers of Indonesian Oncology Nurses on Providing Assistance to Overcome Sexuality Problem More cited articles

Abad, C. L., Formalejo, C. P., & Mantaring, D. M. L. (2021). Assessment of knowledge and implementation practices of the ventilator acquired pneumonia (VAP) bundle in the intensive care unit of a private hospital. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 10(1), 161. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-021-01027-1
Al-Sayaghi, K. M. (2014). Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Saudi Medical Journal, 35(3), 269-276. https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/35/3/269.full.pdf
Al-Tawfiq, J. A., & Abed, M. S. (2010). Decreasing ventilator-associated pneumonia in adult intensive care units using the institute for healthcare improvement bundle. American Journal of Infection Control, 38(7), 552-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2010.01.008
Al Aswad, Z., & Bayoumi, M. (2022). Improvement of the nurses' awareness toward ventilator-associated pneumonia based on evidence guidelines. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities, 13(2), 95-100. https://doi.org/10.4103/injms.injms_124_21
Ali, N. S. (2013). Critical care nurses’ knowledge and compliance with ventilator associated pneumonia bundle at Cairo university hospitals. Journal of Education and Practice, 4(15), 66-78. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/6821
Bagheri-Nesami, M., & Amiri, M. (2014). Nurses' knowledge of evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, 1(1), 44-48. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jnms.1.1.44
Benson, S., Johnson, A., & Petera, C. (2013). VAP Free for 1000 days, it can be done. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 36(4), 421-424. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNQ.0b013e3182a1eb01
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Ventilator-associated pneumonia. https://www.cdc.gov/hai/vap/vap.html
Dipanjali, R., Shivananda, P. M., & Yashoda, S. (2020). Effectiveness of an educational intervention on knowledge and practice of staff nurses on prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia among neonates in neonatal intensive care unit. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 13(2), 1421-1430
Gatell, J., Rosa, M., Sante Roig, M., Hernandez Vian, O., Carrillo Santin, E., Turegano Duaso, C., Fernandez Moreno, I., & Valles Daunis, J. (2012). Assessment of a training programme for the prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. Nursing in Critical Care, 17(6), 285-292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-5153.2012.00526.x
Getahun, A. B., Belsti, Y., Getnet, M., Bitew, D. A., Gela, Y. Y., Belay, D. G., Terefe, B., Akalu, Y., & Diress, M. (2022). Knowledge of intensive care nurses' towards prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in North West Ethiopia referral hospitals, 2021: A multicenter, cross-sectional study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 78, 103895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103895
Hamishehkar, H., Vahidinezhad, M., Mashayekhi, S. O., Asgharian, P., Hassankhani, H., & Mahmoodpoor, A. (2014). Education alone is not enough in ventilator associated pneumonia care bundle compliance. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, 3(2), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.4103/2279-042x.137070
IBM Corporation. (2013). IBM SPSS statistics for windows. In IBM Corp
Jakhar, F., Rao, P., & Shenoy, S. (2023). Impact on approach of ICU staff towards ventilator care bundles and infection control practices in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital. Biomedicine, 43(4), 1266-1269. https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2600
Kharel, S., Bist, A., & Mishra, S. K. (2021). Ventilator-associated pneumonia among ICU patients in WHO Southeast Asian region: A systematic review. Plos One, 16(3), e0247832. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247832
Lin, H.-L., Lai, C.-C., & Yang, L.-Y. (2014). Critical care nurses’ knowledge of measures to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. American Journal of Infection Control, 42(8), 923-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2014.05.012
McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276-282. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900052/
Mishra, R., & Rani, N. (2020). Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding care bundle on prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia among nurses. International Archives of Nursing and Health Care, 6(4), 149-153. https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5823/1510149
Oner Cengiz, H., & Kanan, N. (2019). The effectiveness of training given to nurses for reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care patients. Developments in Health Sciences, 2(2), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2.2019.006
Papazian, L., Klompas, M., & Luyt, C.-E. (2020). Ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: A narrative review. Intensive Care Medicine, 46(5), 888-906. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05980-0
Raosoft, Inc. (2004). Raosoft Sample size calculator. http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
Sahni, N., Biswal, M., Gandhi, K., Kaur, K., Saini, V., & Yaddanapudi, L. N. (2017). Effect of intensive education and training of nurses on ventilator-associated pneumonia and central line-associated bloodstream infection incidence in intensive care unit at a tertiary care center in North India. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 21(11), 779. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_259_17
Sanketh, R., Sankar, B., Chandran, J., & James, E. J. G. (2023). Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Journal of Pediatric Critical Care, 10(4), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpcc.jpcc_49_23
Subramanian, P., Choy, K. L., Gobal, S. V., Mansor, M., & Ng, K. H. (2013). Impact of education on ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Singapore Medical Journal, 54(5), 281-284. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013109
Wami, G. A., Mengistu, D., & Gudisa, G. G. (2018). Knowledge, practice and associated factors of adult intensive care nurses' on prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals. International Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 1(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcd.20180101.14
World Health Organization. (2021). Pneumonia, ventilator-associated. https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=Pneumonia%2C+Ventilator-Associated&type=mesh
Yin, Y., Sun, M., Li, Z., Bu, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, K., & Hu, Z. (2022). Exploring the nursing factors related to ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 715566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.715566

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-02 11:45:38

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Journal Author(s) Rights

In order for the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro to publish and disseminate research articles, we need non-exclusive publishing rights (transferred from the author(s) to the publisher). This is determined by a publishing agreement between the author(s) and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro. This agreement involves the transfer or licensing of the copyright for publishing to the publisher, while authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles. The Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro supports the need for authors to share, disseminate, and maximize the impact of their research through these rights in any databases.

As the author(s), you have rights to a wide range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institution or company. These author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors publishing in the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing have extensive rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including:

use for classroom teaching by the author or the author’s institution and presentation at a meeting or conference, including distributing copies to attendees;
use for internal training by the author’s company;
distribution to colleagues for their research use;
use in a subsequent compilation of the author’s works;
inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgment of the final article);
preparation of derivative works (other than for commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgment of the final article);
voluntary posting on open websites operated by the author or the author’s institution for scholarly purposes;

following the open access license of the Creative Commons CC BY-SA License.

Authors, readers, and third parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (including the name of the creator and attribution parties, detailed information about the authors, a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The publisher will indicate any modification of the material (if any) and retain an indication of previous modifications using a CrossMark Policy and information about Erratum-Corrigendum notifications.

Authors, readers, and third parties can read, print, and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g., display it in a repository), translate the article, download it for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or reuse it for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material. They must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).

Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, non-exclusive right for publishing (publishing right) of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Publisher of the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro).

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP)'. An e-mail will be sent to the Corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing' form by online version of this agreement.

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, the Editors and the Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

Please note that even though we ask for a transfer of copyright for publishing (CTAP), our journal Author(s) retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights as mentioned before.

The Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form NMJN 2024]

The copyright form should be signed electronically and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original e-mail below:

Dr. Meira Erawati (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp.: +62-24-76480919; Fax.: +62-24-76486849
E-mail: media_ners@live.undip.ac.id

(This policy statements has been updated at 24th January 2024)

Nurses’ Knowledge on the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among Critically Ill Patients

Journal Author(s) Rights

Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)

OFFICE INFORMATION