DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v15i1.59361

The Role of Parents and Environmental Conditions on the Incidence of Malaria in School-Age Children in East Sumba Regency, Indonesia

*Maria Kareri Hara  -  Waingapu Nursing Study Program, Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health in Kupang, Indonesia
Leni Landudjama  -  Waingapu Nursing Study Program, Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health in Kupang, Indonesia
Servasius To’o Jala Mulu  -  Waingapu Nursing Study Program, Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health in Kupang, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a major public health concern in eastern Indonesia, with East Nusa Tenggara Province ranking second in national malaria endemicity. East Sumba Regency is one of the highest-burden districts, where school-age children (5–14 years) account for 42.9% of cases, with 2–3 new infections reported daily. Despite this high burden, limited studies have explored how parental roles and environmental conditions contribute to malaria incidence among this vulnerable age group.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental roles and environmental conditions and the incidence of malaria among school-age children in East Sumba Regency.

Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted using total sampling of 120 school-age children in grades 5 and 6 in a village in East Sumba Regency. Data were collected through a validated, modified questionnaire assessing parental involvement and environmental conditions. Univariate and bivariate data analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi-square test, respectively.

Results: A total of 43 children (35.8%) reported having had malaria, while 77 (64.2%) had never experienced it. Poor parental roles were reported by 42.5% of respondents, and 57.5% lived in poor environmental conditions. Significant associations were found between both parental roles (p = 0.020) and environmental conditions (p = 0.018) and malaria incidence.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parental roles and environmental conditions and the incidence of malaria among school-age children. Targeted interventions to strengthen parental involvement and improve environmental health may help reduce malaria transmission in endemic communities.

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Keywords: Environmental conditions; malaria; role of parents; school-age children

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