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Analysis of Factors Related to Diabetes Self-Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Areas

*M. Agung Akbar orcid scopus  -  Doctor of Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Junaiti Sahar orcid scopus  -  Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Etty Rekawati orcid scopus  -  Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika orcid scopus  -  Departement of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Prateek Gupta orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem with an increasing prevalence. Most related studies focus on Diabetes Self-Management (DSM) in urban populations or general contexts, leaving a gap in understanding the specific factors affecting DSM among rural T2DM patients. Therefore, there is limited understanding of the factors that influence DSM in rural T2DM patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate DSM in rural T2DM patients and its associated factors

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design. The samples involved 146 patients with T2DM from the community health center in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, Indonesia, selected using a simple random sampling technique. Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ), Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS), and Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (DSMI) were used for data collection. The t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.

Results: The study found a significant relationship between gender (p=0.001), knowledge (p=0.001), self-efficacy (p=0.001), and family support (p=0.032) with DSM in rural T2DM patients. However, the multiple regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy (β=0.392, p=0.001), gender (β=0.283, p=0.001), and duration of DM (β=-0.189, p=0.012) significantly affected  DSM in patients with T2DM in rural areas, explaining  28 percent of the variance  (R2=0.280).

Conclusion: The results indicated a significant relationship between gender, knowledge, self-efficacy, and family support with DSM in T2DM patients in rural areas, with self-efficacy being the most dominant factor affecting DSM. This study recommends that community nurses can play a pivotal role in designing and implementing interventions enhancing self-efficacy. Additionally, the involvement of PROLANIS, collaborating with key community figures, is crucial to increasing community participation and support for effective diabetes self-management.

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Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; rural; self-efficacy; self-management
Funding: Financial support from the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education/ Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP)

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