DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v15i1.62539

Analysis of Factors Related to Diabetes Self-Management in patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Areas

*M. Agung Akbar orcid scopus  -  Doctor of Nursing Student, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Junaiti Sahar orcid scopus  -  Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Etty Rekawati orcid scopus  -  Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika orcid scopus  -  Departement of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Prateek Gupta orcid scopus  -  Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence. Most studies focus on urban populations or generalized contexts, leaving a gap in understanding the specific factors affecting Diabetes Self-Management (DSM) among rural T2DM patients. However, there is limited understanding of the factors that influence DSM in rural T2DM patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate DSM in rural T2DM patients and its associated factors.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Sampling involved 146 respondents from the community health center in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, Indonesia, comprising patients with T2DM from diverse genders, education levels, and T2DM durations. Samples were selected using simple random sampling. The Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ), Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS), and Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (DSMI) were used as instruments. Statistical analysis was conducted using the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression.

Results: The study found a significant relationship between gender (p = 0.001), knowledge (p = 0.001), self-efficacy (p = 0.001), and family support (p = 0.032) with DSM in patients with T2DM in rural areas. However, the multiple regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy (β = 0.392, p = 0.001), gender (β = 0.283, p = 0.001), and duration of DM (β = -0.189, p = 0.012) significantly influenced DSM in patients with T2DM in rural areas, explaining 28 percent of the variance (R² = 0.280).

Conclusion: The results indicated a significant relationship between gender, knowledge, self-efficacy, and family support with DSM in patients with T2DM in rural areas. This study found self-efficacy to be the most dominant influencing factor on DSM. Community nurses can play a pivotal role in designing and implementing interventions that enhance self-efficacy. Additionally, the involvement of Prolanis, in collaboration with key community figures, is crucial to increasing community participation and support for effective diabetes self-management.

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Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; rural; self-efficacy; self-management
Funding: Financial support from the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education/ Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP)

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