DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v15i2.67063

Network Meta-Analysis of Wound Dressings and Their Effectiveness in Promoting Healing

*Asmat Burhan orcid scopus publons  -  School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Indonesia
Indah Susanti orcid  -  School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Indonesia
Vanessa A Breu Da Silva orcid scopus  -  Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
Vijay Kumar orcid scopus  -  All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Do Thi Kim Chi orcid  -  Bach Mai Medical Colledge, Bach Mai Hospital, Viet Nam
Riski Hidayat orcid  -  School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nasional, Indonesia
Septian Mixrova Sebayang orcid scopus  -  School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, University of Harapan Bangsa, Indonesia
Hamka Hamka orcid  -  Nursing Science Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: Chronic and acute wounds affect millions of individuals worldwide, placing a substantial burden on patients and healthcare systems. Previous evaluations have often focused on limited types of dressings or specific wound conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive network meta-analysis is essential for comparing various interventions, bridging knowledge gaps, improving healing outcomes, and addressing clinical and economic challenges.

Purpose: This study assessed the comparative effectiveness and safety of advanced wound dressings in promoting healing.

Methods: This network meta-analysis, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023433268), systematically searched PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Springer Nature, Wiley, Cochrane Library, and Taylor & Francis from January 2012 to December 2022. Eight reviewers independently assessed and extracted data from randomized controlled trials evaluating different dressings, including placebo, alginate, collagen, gamat, honey, hyaluronic acid, hydrocolloid, hydrogel, mebo, platelet-rich plasma, povidone-iodine, and silver sulfadiazine. Data were synthesized using a random-effects network meta-analysis with SUCRA rankings. Study quality was evaluated using Cochrane RoB2, and certainty of evidence was assessed through CINeMA.

Results: This review included 38 RCTs with a total of 4,049 patients. The largest placebo group comprised 1,628 participants, while the smallest group was mebo with 10 participants. Heterogeneity and consistency analysis showed negligible variation (χ² = 1.757, p = 0.78). Alginate dressings were the most effective in reducing wound size compared to placebo (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.38–1.08; SUCRA probability 0.73), whereas hyaluronic acid dressings were the least effective (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.06–0.79; SUCRA probability 0.08).

Conclusion: Alginate was identified as the most effective primary dressing for wound healing, while hyaluronic acid dressings were the least effective. However, clinical practitioners should carefully weigh the benefits and limitations of each dressing type before selecting the most appropriate treatment for patients.

Fulltext
Keywords: Dressings; network meta-analysis; wound; wound care; wound healing
Funding: None

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on the Psychological Burden of HIV Stigma Among Adults: Implications for Nursing Practice Nurses’ Lived Experiences Following End-of-Life Care: A Hermeneutic Study from a North-Central State, Nigeria Determinants of Menstrual Hygiene Management Practices Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study More recent articles
Most cited articles
Dyspnea Experience and Dyspnea Management in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Bangladesh Motivation among Indonesian Nurses in Pursuing Continuing Professional Education and Its Relationship to Their Competencies Surgical Site Infection among Women Post Cesarean Section: An Integrative Review The Effect of Dietary and Exercise Self-Management Support Program on Dietary Behavior Exercise Behavior and Clinical Outcomes in Muslim Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 DM in a Community Setting in Indonesia Correlates of Physical Activity in Asian Adolescents: A Literature Review More cited articles
  1. Adhya, A., Bain, J., Dutta, G., Hazra, A., Majumdar, B., Ray, O., … Adhikari, S. (2015). Healing of burn wounds by topical treatment: A randomized controlled comparison between silver sulfadiazine and nano-crystalline silver. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, 6(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.145776
  2. Ahmed, S. F., Memon, I., Rajpar, Z. H., Asim, M., Anwar, A., & Elahi, W. (2019). Management of Fournier’s Gangrene; A Randomized Controlled Trial at High Volume Center Comparing the efficacy of Honey and Eusol Dressing in Wound Healing. Journal of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, 18(01), 06–11. https://doi.org/10.22442/jlumhs.191810593
  3. Akin, T., Kendirci, M., Akgun, A. E., Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Cetinkaya, E., Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, … Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. (2022). Applying a Silver-containing Dressing to the Incision Site and Its Effect on the Development of Surgical Site Infection After Ostomy Closure: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Pilot Study. Wound Management & Prevention, 68(4), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.25270/wmp.2022.4.3443
  4. Alhindi, N., Aldossary, S., Alhindi, N., Alturki, B., Alhindi, F., & Alsinawi, L. (2025). Dressing Influence on Re-epithelialization Rate Following Split-Thickness Skin Graft Donor-Site Dressing: A Network Meta-Analysis. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open, 13(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006748
  5. Armstrong, D. G., Orgill, D. P., Galiano, R. D., Glat, P. M., Kaufman, J. P., Carter, M. J., … Zelen, C. M. (2022). Use of a purified reconstituted bilayer matrix in the management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers improves patient outcomes vs standard of care: Results of a prospective randomised controlled MULTI‐CENTRE clinical trial. International Wound Journal, 19(5), 1197–1209. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13715
  6. Asgari, P., Zolfaghari, M., Bit-Lian, Y., Abdi, A. H., Mohammadi, Y., & Bahramnezhad, F. (2022). Comparison of Hydrocolloid Dressings and Silver Nanoparticles in Treatment of Pressure Ulcers in Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2022.08
  7. Barbosa, M., Carvalho, V., & Paggiaro, A. (2022). Hydrogel Enriched With Sodium Alginate and Vitamins A and E for Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Wounds: A Compendium of Clinical Research and Practice, 34(9), 229–235. https://doi.org/10.25270/wnds/20103
  8. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., Rothstein, H., & Englewood, N. (2014). Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 3 [English]. United State of America: CMA. Retrieved from https://meta-analysis.com/download/Meta-Analysis%20Manual%20V3.pdf
  9. Burhan, A., Syafiqah, N., Ruangdet, K., MacLeod, R., Roy, A. D., Norrström, E. M., & Susanti, I. (2025). Hidden Wounds: Prevalence of Chronic Wounds in Asia, A Systematic Review and Meta‑Analysis. Java Nursing Journal, 3(2), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.61716/jnj.v3i3.117
  10. Casanova, D., Guerreschi, P., Sinna, R., Bertheuil, N., Philandrianos, C., Chignon-Sicard, B., … Revol, M. (2020). ALGINATE versus NPWT in the Preparation of Surgical Excisions for an STSG: ATEC Trial
  11. Chen, A. C.-Y., Hsieh, Y. L., Chi-Ying, Chen, Y.-S., Chang, K.-C., & Chang, D.-H. (2024). Advanced Biomaterials and Topical Medications for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Advances in Wound Care, 13(2), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2023.0024
  12. CINeMA. (2022). CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis). Switzerland: Campbell Collaboration. Retrieved from http://cinema.ispm. ch/
  13. Cochrane. (2011). The Cochrane Collaboration. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (version 5.1.0). Retrieved from https://training.cochrane.org/handbook
  14. Cochrane. (2020). Welcome to RevMan 5.4. United Kingdom: Cochrane Review. Retrieved from https://training.cochrane.org/system/files/uploads/protected_file/RevMan5.4_user_guide.pdf
  15. Cwajda-Białasik, J., Mościcka, P., T. Szewczyk, M., Hojan-Jezierska, D., Kawałkiewicz, W., Majewska, A., … Jawień, A. (2022). Venous leg ulcers treated with fish collagen gel in a 12-week randomized single-centre study. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 39(4), 714–722. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2021.108424
  16. Daryanti Saragih, I., Susanto, H., Lin, H.-C., & Lee, B.-O. (2025). Vibration therapy for patients with hard-to-heal wounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies. Journal of Tissue Viability, 34(1), 100852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2024.100852
  17. Dumville, J. C., Stubbs, N., Keogh, S. J., Walker, R. M., & Liu, Z. (2015). Hydrogel dressings for treating pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011226.pub2
  18. Eisenbeiß, W. (2012). Prospective, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of an Octenidine-based hydrogel on bacterial colonisation and epithelialization of skin graft wounds in burn patients. International Journal Burn Trauma, 2(2), 9
  19. Escamilla Cardeñosa, M., Domínguez-Maldonado, G., & Córdoba-Fernández, A. (2017). Efficacy and safety of the use of platelet-rich plasma to manage venous ulcers. Journal of Tissue Viability, 26(2), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2016.11.003
  20. Everts, P. A., Lana, J. F., Onishi, K., Buford, D., Peng, J., Mahmood, A., … Podesta, L. (2023). Angiogenesis and Tissue Repair Depend on Platelet Dosing and Bioformulation Strategies Following Orthobiological Platelet-Rich Plasma Procedures: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines, 11(7), 1922. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071922
  21. Gallelli, G., Cione, E., Serra, R., Leo, A., Citraro, R., Matricardi, P., … Gallelli, L. (2020). Nano‐hydrogel embedded with quercetin and oleic acid as a new formulation in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A pilot study. International Wound Journal, 17(2), 485–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13299
  22. Gefen, A., Alves, P., Beeckman, D., Cullen, B., Lázaro-Martínez, J. L., Lev-Tov, H., … Woo, K. (2024). How Should Clinical Wound Care and Management Translate to Effective Engineering Standard Testing Requirements from Foam Dressings? Mapping the Existing Gaps and Needs. Advances in Wound Care, 13(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2021.0173
  23. Gerosa, D., Santagata, M., Martinez De Tejada, B., & Guittier, M.-J. (2022). Application of Honey to Reduce Perineal Laceration Pain during the Postpartum Period: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare, 10(8), 1515. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081515
  24. Ghoraba, S. M., Mahmoud, W. H., Hammad, S. M., & M. Ayad, H. (2016). Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Wound Healing. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 07(12), 801–808. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2016.712086
  25. Gold, M. H., Biron, J., & Rn, B. T. (2019). Randomized, single‐blinded, crossover study of a novel wound dressing vs current clinical practice after percutaneous collagen induction therapy. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(2), 524–529. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12872
  26. Gould, L. J., Orgill, D. P., Armstrong, D. G., Galiano, R. D., Glat, P. M., Zelen, C. M., … Li, W. W. (2022). Improved healing of chronic diabetic foot wounds in a prospective randomised controlled multi‐centre clinical trial with a microvascular tissue allograft. International Wound Journal, 19(4), 811–825. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13679
  27. Gounden, V., & Singh, M. (2024). Hydrogels and Wound Healing: Current and Future Prospects. Gels, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10010043
  28. Haddaway, N. R., Page, M., Pritchard, C. C., & McGuinness, L., A. (2020). PRISMA2020: An R package and Shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020-compliant flow diagrams, with interactivity for optimised digital transparency and Open Synthesis Campbell Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1230
  29. Hassan, A., Ahmed, E., Ghalwash, D., & Elarab, A. E. (2021). Clinical Comparison of MEBO and Hyaluronic Acid Gel in the Management of Pain after Free Gingival Graft Harvesting: A Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Dentistry, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2548665
  30. Hersant, B., SidAhmed-Mezi, M., Bosc, R., & Meningaud, J.-P. (2017). Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma/Thrombin Gel Combined with Split-Thickness Skin Graft to Manage Postinfectious Skin Defects: A Randomized Controlled Study. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 30(11), 502–508. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000524399.74460.87
  31. Higgins, J., J, T., J, C., M, C., MJ, P., & VA, W. (2022). Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022). Cochrane, 2022. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook. Cochrane. Retrieved from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook
  32. Hozo, S. P., Djulbegovic, B., & Hozo, I. (2005). Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 5(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-5-13
  33. Hwang, C. S., Al Sharhan, S. S., Kim, B. R., Kim, S. I., Kim, J. W., Cho, H.-J., … Kim, C.-H. (2018). Randomized controlled trial of steroid-soaked absorbable calcium alginate nasal packing following endoscopic sinus surgery: Steroid-Soaked Nasal Packing After ESS. The Laryngoscope, 128(2), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26871
  34. Imran, M., Hussain, M. B., & Baig, M. (2015). A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Honey-Impregnated Dressing for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcer. 25
  35. Iversen, A. K. S., Lichtenberg, M., Fritz, B. G., Díaz-Pinés Cort, I., Al-Zoubaidi, D. F., Gottlieb, H., … Jakobsen, T. H. (2024). The chronic wound characterisation study and biobank: A study protocol for a prospective observational cohort investigation of bacterial community composition, inflammatory responses and wound-healing trajectories in non-healing wounds. BMJ Open, 14(10), e084081. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084081
  36. Julika, H. (2021). Modern Wound Care Dress for Acceleration of Foot Ulcus Healing Process in Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review. 7(1)
  37. Kangal, M. K. O., & Kopitnik., N. L. (2025). Physiology, Wound Healing. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535406/
  38. Kjaer, M., Frederiksen, A. K. S., Nissen, N. I., Willumsen, N., Hall, G. V., Jorgensen, L. N., … Ågren, J. R. (2020). Multinutrient Supplementation Increases Collagen Synthesis during Early Wound Repair in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Patients with Inguinal Hernia. The Journal of Nutrition, 150(4), 792–799. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz324
  39. La Monica, F., Campora, S., & Ghersi, G. (2024). Collagen-Based Scaffolds for Chronic Skin Wound Treatment. Gels, 10(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10020137
  40. Li, Y., Cheng, B., & Tian, J. (2025). Platelet-rich plasma may accelerate diabetic wound healing by modulating epithelial/endothelial-mesenchymal transition through inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 13, 1623780. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1623780
  41. Li, Z., Lin, F., Thalib, L., & Chaboyer, W. (2020). Global prevalence and incidence of pressure injuries in hospitalised adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 105, 103546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103546
  42. López-Jiménez, M. M., Romero-García, M., Adamuz, J., Berbis-Morelló, C., Pons-Prats, M., Tapia-Pérez, M., … González-Samartino, M. (2025). Prevalence of chronic wounds in hospitalised patients in Catalonia, Spain: A multicentre cross-sectional descriptive observational study. BMJ Open, 15(5), e095542. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095542
  43. Malizos, K., Blauth, M., Danita, A., Capuano, N., Mezzoprete, R., Logoluso, N., … Romanò, C. L. (2017). Fast-resorbable antibiotic-loaded hydrogel coating to reduce post-surgical infection after internal osteosynthesis: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 18(2), 159–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10195-017-0442-2
  44. Martinengo, L., Olsson, M., Bajpai, R., Soljak, M., Upton, Z., Schmidtchen, A., … Järbrink, K. (2019). Prevalence of chronic wounds in the general population: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Annals of Epidemiology, 29, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.005
  45. Matalqah, S., Lafi, Z., & Asha, S. Y. (2024). Hyaluronic Acid in Nanopharmaceuticals: An Overview. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 46(9), 10444–10461. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090621
  46. Meekul, J., Chotirosniramit, A., Himakalasa, W., Orrapin, S., Wongthanee, A., Pongtam, O., … Rerkasem, K. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Outcome in Comparing an Alginate Silver Dressing With a Conventional Treatment of a Necrotizing Fasciitis Wound. The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 16(2), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534734617701051
  47. Megahed, M., Rageh, T., Nassar, A., & Abdel Razek, M.-S. (2019). The role of autologous platelet-rich plasma in healing of gaping and chronic wounds. Menoufia Medical Journal, 32(2), 723. https://doi.org/10.4103/mmj.mmj_57_18
  48. Miner, S. A., Lee, J., Protzman, N. M., & Brigido, S. A. (2022). The effect of a silver hydrogel sheet dressing on postsurgical incision healing after foot and ankle surgery. Scars, Burns & Healing, 8, 205951312211223. https://doi.org/10.1177/20595131221122303
  49. Mohamadi, S., Norooznezhad, A. H., Mostafaei, S., Nikbakht, M., Nassiri, S., Safar, H., … Kazemnejad, A. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma gel and regular dressing on wound healing time in pilonidal sinus surgery: Role of different affecting factors. Biomedical Journal, 42(6), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2019.05.002
  50. Moon, K.-C., Suh, H.-S., Kim, K.-B., Han, S.-K., Young, K.-W., Lee, J.-W., & Kim, M.-H. (2019). Potential of Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stem Cell–Hydrogel Complex for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes, 68(4), 837–846. https://doi.org/10.2337/db18-0699
  51. Nguyen, H. M., Ngoc Le, T. T., Nguyen, A. T., Thien Le, H. N., & Pham, T. T. (2023). Biomedical materials for wound dressing: Recent advances and applications. RSC Advances, 13(8), 5509–5528. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA07673J
  52. Nifontova, G., Safaryan, S., Khristidis, Y., Smirnova, O., Vosough, M., Shpichka, A., & Timashev, P. (2024). Advancing wound healing by hydrogel-based dressings loaded with cell-conditioned medium: A systematic review. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 15(1), 371. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-024-03976-x
  53. Noorbala, M. T., Noorbala, M., Dashti-Rahmatabadi, M. H., Noorbala, M., Noorbala, R., & Mozaffary, B. (2016). Comparison of Hydrogel Produced by Radiation as Applied at the Research Center (Yazd Branch) With MaxGel and Routine Dressing for Second-Degree Burn Repair in Yazd Burn Hospital. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.24384
  54. Nuutila, K., & Eriksson, E. (2021). Moist Wound Healing with Commonly Available Dressings. Advances in Wound Care, 10(12), 685–698. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2020.1232
  55. Ongarora, B. G. (2022). Recent technological advances in the management of chronic wounds: A literature review. Health Science Reports, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.641
  56. Park, K. H., Kwon, J. B., Park, J. H., Shin, J. C., Han, S. H., & Lee, J. W. (2019). Collagen dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 156, 107861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107861
  57. Parmar, P. D., Dhamija, R., Tewari, S., Sangwan, P., Gupta, A., Duhan, J., & Mittal, S. (2019). 2D and 3D radiographic outcome assessment of the effect of guided tissue regeneration using resorbable collagen membrane in the healing of through‐and‐through periapical lesions – a randomized controlled trial. International Endodontic Journal, 52(7), 935–948. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13098
  58. Poh Yuen Wen, A., Halim, A. S., Mat Saad, A. Z., Mohd Nor, F., & Wan Sulaiman, W. A. (2018). A prospective study evaluating wound healing with sea cucumber gel compared with hydrogel in treatment of skin graft donor sites. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 41, 261–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.10.006
  59. Rasul, R., Akram, B., Abidin, Z. U., Khalid, F. A., Raza, S., & Khalid, K. (2022). Evaluation of amnion versus calcium alginate as split-thickness skin graft donor site dressing: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University, 16(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.37018/OUAN1021
  60. Rezvani Ghomi, E., Khalili, S., Nouri Khorasani, S., Esmaeely Neisiany, R., & Ramakrishna, S. (2019). Wound dressings: Current advances and future directions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(27), 47738. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.47738
  61. Russo, R., Carrizzo, A., Barbato, A., Rasile, B. R., Pentangelo, P., Ceccaroni, A., … Losco, L. (2022). Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Rigenase® and Polyhexanide (Fitostimoline® Plus) vs. Hyaluronic Acid and Silver Sulfadiazine (Connettivina® Bio Plus) for the Treatment of Acute Skin Wounds: A Randomized Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(9), 2518. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092518
  62. Salanti, G., Del Giovane, C., Chaimani, A., Caldwell, D. M., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2014). Evaluating the Quality of Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e99682. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099682
  63. Salehi, V., Yavari Barhaghtalab, M. J., Mehrabi, S., Iraji, A., Sadat, S. A., Yusefi, S. H., & Malekzadeh, J. M. (2022). Does application of honey improve surgical outcome in pilonidal cyst excision with secondary intention healing? A prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Perioperative Medicine, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13741-021-00237-w
  64. Schaper, N. C., Van Netten, J. J., Apelqvist, J., Bus, S. A., Fitridge, R., Game, F., … the IWGDF Editorial Board. (2023). Practical guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetes‐related foot disease (IWGDF 2023 update). Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, e3657. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3657
  65. Sen, C. K. (2021). Human Wound and Its Burden: Updated 2020 Compendium of Estimates. Advances in Wound Care, 10(5), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2021.0026
  66. Sen, C. K. (2023). Human Wound and Its Burden: Updated 2022 Compendium of Estimates. Advances in Wound Care, 12(12), 657–670. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2023.0150
  67. Siavash, M., Shokri, S., Haghighi, S., Shahtalebi, M. A., & Farajzadehgan, Z. (2015). The efficacy of topical royal jelly on healing of diabetic foot ulcers: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. International Wound Journal, 12(2), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12063
  68. Sterne, J. A. C., Savović, J., Page, M. J., Elbers, R. G., Blencowe, N. S., Boutron, I., … Higgins, J. P. T. (2019). RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, l4898. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4898
  69. Sun, W., Chen, M., Duan, D., Liu, W., Cui, W., & Li, L. (2023). Effectiveness of moist dressings in wound healing after surgical suturing: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. International Wound Journal, 20(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13839
  70. Talebi, M., Ghale, R. A., Asl, R. M., & Tabandeh, F. (2025). Advancements in characterization and preclinical applications of hyaluronic acid-based biomaterials for wound healing: A review. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, 9, 100706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100706
  71. Tsang, K.-K., Kwong, E. W.-Y., To, T. S.-S., Chung, J. W.-Y., & Wong, T. K.-S. (2017). A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Study of Nanocrystalline Silver, Manuka Honey, and Conventional Dressing in Healing Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5294890
  72. Tudoroiu, E.-E., Albu Kaya, M. G., Titorencu, I., Dinu-Pîrvu, C. E., Marin, M. M., Roșca, A.-M., … Ghica, M. V. (2023). Design and evaluation of new wound dressings based on collagen-cellulose derivatives. Materials & Design, 236, 112469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112469
  73. Verdú-Soriano, J., De Cristino-Espinar, M., Luna-Morales, S., Dios-Guerra, C., Caballero-Villarraso, J., Moreno-Moreno, P., … Lázaro-Martínez, J. L. (2022). Superiority of a Novel Multifunctional Amorphous Hydrogel Containing Olea europaea Leaf Extract (EHO-85) for the Treatment of Skin Ulcers: A Randomized, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(5), 1260. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051260
  74. Wang, Y.-C., Lee, H.-C., Chen, C.-L., Kuo, M.-C., Ramachandran, S., Chen, R.-F., & Kuo, Y.-R. (2021). The Effects of Silver-Releasing Foam Dressings on Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(7), 1495. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071495
  75. White, I. R., Barrett, J. K., Jackson, D., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2012). Consistency and inconsistency in network meta‐analysis: Model estimation using multivariate meta‐regression. Research Synthesis Methods, 3(2), 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1045
  76. Wu, B., Zhang, F., Jiang, W., & Zhao, A. (2021). Nanosilver Dressing in Treating Deep II Degree Burn Wound Infection in Patients with Clinical Studies. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2021, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3171547
  77. Xu, F., Gao, Y., Xin, H., Cao, C., Ma, W., Sun, W., & Ma, Q. (2025). A review on multifunctional calcium alginate fibers for full-time and multipurposed wound treatment: From fundamentals to advanced applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 290, 139133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139133
  78. Yao, Z., Niu, J., & Cheng, B. (2020). Prevalence of Chronic Skin Wounds and Their Risk Factors in an Inpatient Hospital Setting in Northern China. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 33(9), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000694164.34068.82

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-08-31 21:32:06

No citation recorded.