DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v16i1.73221

Exploring Barriers to Self-Care Behaviors: Beliefs of Jordanian Patients with Heart Failure

*Yasmeen Abu Sumaqa orcid  -  Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al al-Bayt University, Jordan
Saleh Al Omar orcid  -  Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Jordan
Yahya W. Najjar orcid  -  Faculty of Nursing, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan
Nour Ali Alrida orcid  -  Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Jordan
Anas Ababneh orcid  -  Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Jordan
Osama Alkouri orcid  -  Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Jordan
Sarah Al-ja’freh orcid  -  Faculty of Nursing, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan
Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Background: Heart failure is a prevalent cardiovascular disease. Despite the crucial role of self-care behaviors in reducing complications and hospitalizations, many patients continue to have difficulty adhering to these behaviors. However, the specific barriers that impede self-care behaviors among Jordanian patients with heart failure remain insufficiently understood.

Purpose: This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of barriers to self-care behaviors among Jordanian patients with heart failure. 

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in outpatient medical clinics. Using purposive sampling, 22 Jordanian adults aged ≥18 years who had a confirmed diagnosis of heart failure and were receiving regular care were recruited. Data were gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using the six-phase reflexive thematic analysis framework.

Results: Four main themes reflecting barriers to self-care behaviors emerged from the qualitative analysis: lack of self-care knowledge, financial burden, difficulty changing habits, and emotional distress. Participants described inadequate knowledge about disease management and self-care, financial constraints affecting access to medications and healthcare, difficulty modifying long-established health behaviors, and emotional challenges that interfered with adherence to recommended self-care practices.

Conclusion: Patients with heart failure encounter various barriers to self-care behaviors, including knowledge-related, financial, behavioral, and emotional challenges. These findings highlight the need for healthcare providers to recognize these barriers and implement interventions to enhance self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure.

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Keywords: Barriers; heart failure; Jordan; self-care behaviors

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