Upaya Dalam Mendukung Capaian Universal child immunization (UCI) Pada Program Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap (IDL) Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Puskesmas Gemuh 01 Kabupaten Kendal

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Pencapaian UCI merupakan proksi lengkap cakupan imunisasi dasar pada kelompok bayi. Cakupan capaian UCI yang dikaitkan dengan batas wilayah tertentu dapat menggambarkan tingkat proteksi/kekebalan masyarakat khususnya bayi terhadap penyakit menular yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I). Puskesmas Gemuh 01 memodifikasi pelaksanaan Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap dengan mengoptimalkan pelayanan  imunisasi di Posyandu. Akan tetapi, pencapaian UCI di Puskesmas Gemuh 01 masih mengalami penurunan selama masa pandemi COVID-19, hal ini mengindikasikan masih terdapat kendala dalam pelaksanaan program Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis bagaimana pelaksanaan program imunisasi dasar lengkap dalam rangka pencapaian UCI di masa pandemi COVID-19.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif menggunakan metode in-depth interview yang dipilih berdasarkan Teknik purposive sampling. Informan utama adalah 3 bidan desa, 1 programmer imunisasi. Informan triangulasi adalah 1 kepala puskesmas, 1 kader posyandu, dan 1 ibu bayi yang menggunakan imunisasi.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama pandemi COVID-19 pada variabel input, bidan pelaksana mengalami double job karena harus melayani vaksinasi COVID-19, stok vaksin yang tidak mencukupi sasaran. Variabel proses, perencanaan belum dilakukan secara maksimal, bimbingan kader tidak dilakukan secara merata. Variabel lingkungan, adanya kenaikan kasus COVID-19 menyebabkan kecemasan pada ibu bayi untuk membawa anaknya ke Puskesmas.

Simpulan: Pelaksanaan Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap selama pandemi COVID-19 belum berjalan dengan optimal karena terkendala dengan situasi dan kondisi.

Kata Kunci : Program Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap; UCI (Universal child immunization); Pencapaian

ABSTRACT

Title: Efforts to Support the Achievement of Universal child immunization (UCI) in the Complete Basic Immunization Program (IDL) during the Covid-19 Pandemic at Gemuh 01 Health Center, Kendal Regency

Background: UCI achievement was a complete proxy for basic immunization coverage in the infant group. The coverage of UCI achievements associated with certain regional boundaries can describe the level of protection/immunity of the community, especially infants against infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization (PD3I). Gemuh 01 Health Center modified the implementation of Complete Basic Immunization by optimizing immunization services at the Posyandu. However, the achievement of UCI at Gemuh 01 Health Center still decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, this indicates that there were still obstacles in the implementation of the Complete Basic Immunization program. The purpose of the study was to analyze how the complete basic immunization program was implemented in order to achieve UCI during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: This was a qualitative research with descriptive approach. Data collected through indepth interview. The main informants were 3  midwives, 1 immunization programmer. The triangulation informants were 1 head of puskesmas, 1 posyandu cadre, and 1 baby’s mother who used immunization.

Result: The results of the study show that during the COVID-19 pandemic : input variable, the implementing midwife had a double job because she had to serve the COVID-19 vaccination, and insufficient stock of vaccines; process variables, planning had not been carried out optimally, cadre guidance was not carried out evenly; environmental variables, an increase in COVID-19 cases causes anxiety for the baby's mother to take her child to the Health Center.

Conclusion: The implementation of the Complete Basic Immunization program during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Gemuh 01 Health Center had not run optimally because it is constrained by the pandemic situation, conditions, and empty stock of vaccines from the central government.

Keywords: Complete Basic Immunization Program; UCI (Universal child immunization); Achievement