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Hubungan Cuaca sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Diare di Kota Administratif Jakarta Timur Tahun 2015-2019

Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Received: 13 Jul 2021; Revised: 13 Dec 2021; Accepted: 17 Dec 2021; Available online: 1 Feb 2022; Published: 8 Apr 2022.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Latar belakang: Penyakit diare merupakan penyakit endemis potensial Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) di Indonesia yang sering disertai dengan kematian. Kota Administratif Jakarta Timur merupakan salah satu daerah dengan kejadian diare tertinggi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta selama tahun 2015-2019 yaitu mencapai 63.549 kejadian pada tahun 2019. Faktor cuaca seperti suhu udara, kelembaban udara, dan curah hujan dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor cuaca dengan kejadian diare di Kota Administratif Jakarta Timur tahun 2015-2019.

Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Unit Surveilans Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta wilayah Jakarta Timur untuk kejadian diare yang didapat melalui laman resmi yang dapat diakses melalui surveilans-dinkesdki.net. Data suhu udara dan kelembaban udara didapatkan dari laman resmi Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi yang dapat diakses melalui dataonline.bmkg.go.id, sedangkan data curah hujan didapatkan dari Lembaga Penerbangan Antariksa Nasional. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman dan Pearson berdasarkan hasil uji normalitas.

Hasil: Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa selama tahun 2015-2019 rata-rata kejadian diare sebesar 4.451 kejadian/bulan, rata-rata suhu udara sebesar 27,9˚C, rata-rata kelembaban udara sebesar 75% dan rata-rata curah hujan 233,4 mm/bulan. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara suhu udara (p= 0,732), kelembaban udara (p= 0,27), dan curah hujan (p= 0,589) dengan kejadian diare.

Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor cuaca dengan kejadian diare di Kota Administratif Jakarta Timur.

Kata kunci: diare; suhu; kelembaban; curah hujan

 

ABSTRACT

Title: The Relation Between Weather as Risk Factors and Incidendence of Diarrhea in East Jakarta in 2015-2019

Background: Diarrhea is an endemic disease that has the potential for an outbreak in Indonesia and can lead to death. East Jakarta is one of the areas with the highest incidence of diarrhea in DKI Jakarta Province during 2015-2019. Weather factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall can contribute to diarrhea disease in various ways. The study aimed to analyze the relation between weather factors and diarrhea in East Jakarta in 2015-2019.

Method: This study used analytical observational with cross sectional approach. This study was conducted using secondary data from the official website of Epidemiology Surveillance Unit in Jakarta Health Agency for diarrhea cases that can be accessed through surveilans-dinkesdki.net. Air temperature and humidity data were collected from the official website of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency that can be accessed through dataonline.bmkg.go.id, while rainfall data was collected from National Institute of Aeronautics and Space. Data were analyzed with univariate and bivariate analysis using Spearman Rank and Pearson correlation based on the results of the normality test.

Result: Univariate analysis showed that during 2015-2019 the average incidence of diarrhea was 4.451 cases/month, the average of temperature was 27,9 ˚C , the average of humidity was 75%, and the average of rainfall was 233,4mm/month. Result from correlation analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between temperature (p= 0,732), humidity (p= 0,27) and rainfall (p= 0,589) with the incidence of diarrhea.

Conclusion: There was no correlation between weather factors and diarrhea incidence in East Jakarta.

Keywords: diarrhea; temperature; humidity; rainfall

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Keywords: diare; suhu; kelembaban; curah hujan

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