DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/politika.12.2.2021.310-332

Fragmentasi Politik dan Habitus: Kasus Persaingan Sesama Calon Legislatif Etnis Tionghoa di Tiga Pemilu

Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia

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Abstract

Studi ini beranjak dari fenomena meningkatnya jumlah calon legislatif (caleg) etnis Tionghoa di tiga pemilu (2004, 2009, 2014) pada konteks pemilihan anggota dewan perwakilan rakyat daerah (DPRD) Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Permasalahan dalam studi ini terjadi persaingan yang semakin kuat antara sesama caleg etnis Tionghoa pada daerah pemilihan (dapil) sumatra utara (Sumut) 1 yang menimbulkan munculnya pertanyaan penelitian dalam studi ini mengapa caleg etnis Tionghoa memilih maju di dapil Sumut 1 dan bagaimana mobilisasi suara dilakukan?. Untuk menemukan jawaban terhadap penelitian ini maka studi ini menetapkan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data wawancara, studi pustaka dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan temuan yang berbeda dari penelitian terdahulu yang menyebutkan kebangkitan semangat etnis di era pasca-Soeharto tidak terjadi di kota Medan secara spesifik pada lokasi studi ini. Temuan yang didapatkan terjadi fragmentasi politik di kalangan etnis Tionghoa yang dibentuk oleh Habitus yang ada pada area masing-masing. Tingginya persaingan sesama caleg etnis Tionghoa di dapil Sumut 1 sebagai pertanda bahwa demokrasi dengan sistem pemilu proporsional terbuka mengurangi peningkatan sentimen etnis dalam pemilu. Pada sisi lainnya area domisili dan mobilitas bisnis yang tinggi seperti Kota Medan dianggap sebagai dapil yang bergengsi untuk mengukur kemampuan keterampilan politik di pemilu.

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Keywords: fragmentasi politik; habitus; Etnis Tionghoa; persaingan; mobilisasi

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