Email this article Nutrient Recovery from Agricultural Waste Water Using Electrocoagulation Process, A Case Study of Thekelan, Semarang, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v20i1.44-52
Abstract
Eutrophication is a natural phenomenon in aquatic ecosystems that causes algae and other aquatic plants to overproduce. This process can benefit the ecology in tiny amounts, but too many nutrients can generate hazardous algal blooms and kill fish and other aquatic life. To prevent eutrophication and sustain aquatic ecosystems, agricultural waste water like microalgae production wastewater must be treated. The goal of the project is to get nitrogen and phosphorus out of the wastewater from growing microalgae, which is an agricultural waste water. One way to recover nutrients from wastewater is electrocoagulation. This procedure uses an electric current to create microscopic gas bubbles that collect and remove pollutants from wastewater. According to this study, electrocoagulation reduces phosphate and nitrate in microalgae culture wastewater. Phosphate concentration dropped by 90.20% in the 15th minute, while nitrate concentration dropped by 36.19% in the 30th minute. These reductions may be caused by struvite formation and nitrate conversion to nitrogen gas. This study demonstrates that electrocoagulation is a potential technology for recovering nutrients from agricultural waste water and reducing aquatic ecosystem eutrophication.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al-Marri, S., AlQuzweeni, S.S., Hashim, K.S., AlKhaddar, R., Kot, P., AlKizwini, R.S., Zubaidi, S.L., Al-Khafaji, Z.S. 2020. Ultrasonic-electrocoagulation method for nitrate removal from water. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing, p. 12073.
Álvarez-González, A., Uggetti, E., Serrano, L., Gorchs, G., Ferrer, I., Díez-Montero, R. 2022. Can microalgae grown in wastewater reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers? Journal of Environmental Management 323, 116224.
APHA. 2017. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 23rd ed. Washington.
Bagastyo, A.Y., Sidik, F., Anggrainy, A.D., Lin, J.L., Nurhayati, E. 2022. The performance of electrocoagulation process in removing organic and nitrogenous compounds from landfill leachate in a three-compartment reactor. Journal of Ecological Engineering 23, 235–245.
Balasuriya, B.T.G., Ghose, A., Gheewala, S.H., Prapaspongsa, T. 2022. Assessment of eutrophication potential from fertiliser application in agricultural systems in Thailand. Science of The Total Environment 833, 154993.
Damodara Kannan, A., Dillavou, J., H.H. Gamage, K., Randig, E., M. Hettiarachchi, G., Parameswaran, P. 2023. Recovery of high-quality calcium phosphate fertilizer products from anaerobic membrane bioreactor treated swine wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal 453, 139539.
El-Ezaby, K.H., El-Gammal, M.I., Shaaban, Y.A. 2021. Using electro- and alum coagulation technologies for treatment of wastewater from fruit juice industry in New Damietta City, Egypt. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193.
FAO. 2021. Online Data base, food and agriculture data – fertilizers indicators. URL https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/EF (accessed 11.11.22).
Günther, S., Grunert, M., Müller, S. 2018. Overview of recent advances in phosphorus recovery for fertilizer production. Engineering in Life Sciences 18, 434–439.
Harif, T., Adin, A. 2007. Characteristics of aggregates formed by electroflocculation of a colloidal suspension. Water Research 41, 2951–2961.
Harif, T., Adin, A. 2011. Size and structure evolution of kaolin–Al(OH)3 flocs in the electroflocculation process: A study using static light scattering. Water Research 45, 6195–6206.
Huang, J., Xu, C. chun, Ridoutt, B.G., Wang, X. chun, Ren, P. an. 2017. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 159, 171–179.
Idusuyi, N., Ajide, O.O., Abu, R., Okewole, O.A., Ibiyemi, O.O. 2022. Low cost electrocoagulation process for treatment of contaminated water using aluminium electrodes from recycled cans. Materials Today: Proceedings 56, 1712–1716.
Kékedy-Nagy, L., English, L., Anari, Z., Abolhassani, M., Pollet, B.G., Popp, J., Greenlee, L.F. 2022. Electrochemical nutrient removal from natural wastewater sources and its impact on water quality. Water Research 210, 118001.
Li, Y., Yang, Y., Qiao, M., Zhao, X. 2023. Enhanced removal of phosphate by electrogenerated iron combined with mechanically activated calcite. Chemical Engineering Journal 451, 138803.
Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Jiang, W.M., Wu, M.R., Li, Z.H. 2021. Comprehensive review of floc growth and structure using electrocoagulation: characterization, measurement, and influencing factors. Chemical Engineering Journal 417, 129310.
Lucakova, S., Branyikova, I., Kovacikova, S., Masojidek, J., Ranglova, K., Branyik, T., Ruzicka, M.C. 2022. Continuous electrocoagulation of Chlorella vulgaris in a novel channel-flow reactor: a pilot-scale harvesting study. Bioresource Technology 351.
Maliki, A.A.A., Chabuk, A., Sultan, M.A., Hashim, B.M., Hussain, H.M., Al-Ansari, N. 2020. Estimation of total dissolved solids in water bodies by spectral indices case study: shatt al-arab river. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231.
Melo, J.M., Telles, T.S., Ribeiro, M.R., de Carvalho Junior, O., Andrade, D.S. 2022. Chlorella sorokiniana as bioremediator of wastewater: nutrient removal, biomass production, and potential profit. Bioresource Technology Reports 17, 100933.
Mohsin, M., Kaipiainen, E., Salam, M.M., Evstishenkov, N., Nawrot, N., Villa, A., Wojciechowska, E., Kuittinen, S., Pappinen, A. 2021. Biomass production and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from processed municipal wastewater by salix schwerinii: a field trial. Water.
Mook, W.T., Chakrabarti, M.H., Aroua, M.K., Khan, G.M.A., Ali, B.S., Islam, M.S., Abu Hassan, M.A. 2012. Removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate and total organic carbon (TOC) from aquaculture wastewater using electrochemical technology: a review. Desalination 285, 1–13.
Mulwandari, M. 2019. Penurunan kadar nitrat pada air kolam tambak udang dengan metode elektrokoagulasi menggunakan elektroda aluminium (Al). Skripsi.
Nasrullah, M., Singh, L., Krishnan, S., Abdul Munaim, P.D.M.S., Mahapatra, D., Wahid, Z. 2019. Electrocoagulation treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent: effect of operating parameters on floc growth and structure. Journal of Water Process Engineering 33, 101114.
Ramaswamy, J., Solaiappan, V., Albasher, G., Alamri, O. 2022. Process optimization of struvite recovered from slaughterhouse wastewater and its fertilizing efficacy in amendment of biofertilizer 211.
Rusydi, A.F. 2018. Correlation between conductivity and total dissolved solid in various type of water: a review. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Institute of Physics Publishing.
Saliu, T.D., Oladoja, N.A. 2021. Nutrient recovery from wastewater and reuse in agriculture: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 19, 2299–2316.
Tchamango, S., Nanseu-Njiki, C.P., Ngameni, E., Hadjiev, D., Darchen, A. 2010. Treatment of dairy effluents by electrocoagulation using aluminium electrodes. Science of The Total Environmental 408, 947–952.
Teoh, G.H., Jawad, Z.A., Ooi, B.S., Low, S.C. 2022. Simultaneous water reclamation and nutrient recovery of aquaculture wastewater using membrane distillation. Journal of Water Process Engineering 46, 102573.
Thi Thuy Trang, N., Yen, L., Hanh, L., Thanh, B. 2018. Struvite formation from wastewater: affecting factors and nutrient recovery. Journal of Applied Geoscience Engineering 64, 9–13.
Tibebe, D., Negash, A., Mulugeta, M., Kassa, Y., Moges, Z., Yenealem, D. 2022. Investigation of selected physico-chemical quality parameters in industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation process, Ethiopia. BMC Chemistry 16, 1–9.
Yadav, V., Sharma, J., Gupta, S.K., Kulshrestha, V. 2022. Cleaner and circular bioeconomy electro-kinetically upgraded sustainable approach and process optimization for synthesis of dual nutrient potassium fertilizer from ammoniacal filtrate wastewater model 2.
Yang, D., Zhang, J., Xie, M., Tong, X., Jiang, T., Yu, W. 2022. An integrated hollow fiber membrane contactor and chemical precipitation to recover N , P and K from human urine wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 10.
Yehya, T., Balla, W., Chafi, M., Audonnet, F., Vial, C., Essadki, A., Gourich, B. 2015. Assessment of denitrification using electrocoagulation process. The Canada Journal of Chemical Engineering 93, 241–248.
Yure, C., Oliveira, B., Jacob, A., Nader, C., Diogo, C., Oliveira, L., Matos, P., Araújo, E.S., Shabnam, N., Ashok, B., Alfredo, O.G. 2022. An overview on microalgae as renewable resources for meeting sustainable development goals 320.