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PERANAN PENGADUKAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KOMPLEKSASI UREA SEBAGAI SARANA PEMISAHAN ASAM LEMAK OMEGA DARI MINYAK NABATI

*Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani  -  Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia
Hary Sulistyo  -  Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan  -  Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Mohammad Fahrurrozi  -  Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Received: 20 Jun 2016; Published: 11 Aug 2016.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2016 REAKTOR

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Abstract

Modern society concerns more on health, in which natural foods are highly preferred. Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) such as omega 6 and omega 9 are believed to be very important on degeneratif prevention. The PUFAs intake as concentrate is preferred than the one of the whole oil, in order to avoid saturated fatty acids consumption to the human body. Omega 6 and omega 9 fatty acids are mainly content in the vegetable oil. One of the methods of concentrating PUFAs from the oil is urea complexation. For commercial scale, this is very interesting and promising process in Indonesia, which is rich in vegetable oil resources. This method consists of 3 steps : 1) saponification and acidification of the vegetable oil, 2) urea-complexation process and 3) recovery of the PUFAs. The urea-complexation is a separation process based on the molecular size of the aliphatic organic compounds. The objective of the research was to study the effects of mixing time on the crystallization step. This study showed that mixing-time could improve SFA and reduce PUFA in urea inclusion compound, which lead to SFA reduction and PUFA improvement in the concentrate. Mixing also affected the tendency of the fatty acids molecules to form inclusion with urea crystal, and enhanced the substitutions of the guest molecules, especially for polar fatty acids such as MUFA and PUFAs.

 

Keywords : fatty acids, mixing-time, PUFA, urea complexation, vegetable oil.

 

ABSTRAK

Pentingnya hidup sehat menjadikan konsumsi bahan alami menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup modern. Salah satu nutrisi penting adalah asam lemak tak jenuh ganda (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid - PUFA), seperti omega 6 dan omega 9 yang berfungsi untuk mencegah berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Asam lemak omega 6 & 9 banyak terkandung di dalam minyak nabati. Konsumsi dalam bentuk konsentrat asam lemak dinilai lebih efektif karena asam lemak jenuh hanya sedikit yang terikut dalam konsumsi. Salah satu metode pengkonsentrasian PUFA adalah kompleksasi urea. Teknologi pengkonsentrasian PUFA sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di dalam negeri mengingat Indonesia kaya akan sumber minyak nabati. Kompleksasi urea terdiri atas 3 tahapan yaitu 1) tahap penyiapan asam lemak bebas dari minyak nabati, 2) tahap kristalisasi (fraksinasi kompleksasi urea), dan 3) tahap pemungutan asam lemak tak jenuh. Proses ini didasarkan pada pemisahan asam lemak jenuh dan tak jenuh pada minyak nabati berdasarkan perbedaan ukuran diameter molekulnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh waktu pengadukan terhadap komposisi asam lemak melalui proses kompleksasi urea pada minyak nabati. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, adanya pengadukan dapat meningkatkan kadar SFA dan menurunkan PUFA di fraksi kristal, yang berdampak pada penurunan kadar SFA di NUCF dan meningkatkan kadar PUFA di NUCF. Adanya pengadukan juga mempengaruhi tendensi asam lemak untuk masuk ke dalam kristal urea dan mempermudah pergantian guest molecules, khususnya bagi asam lemak polar seperti MUFA dan PUFA.

 

 

Kata kunci : PUFA, asam lemak, kompleksasi urea, minyak nabati

 

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Keywords: fatty acids;PUFA;urea complexation;vegetable oil

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