Abstract

ACTIVE CARBON PRODUCTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL WITH SINGLE ACTIVITY H₃PO₄, H₃PO₄ COMBINE WITH NH₄HCO₃, AND THERMAL. Bituminous coal has a good potential to be utilized as activated carbon because it has high carbon, which is between 54-86%. The purpose of research was to obtain moisture content data, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, absorption of iodine (iodine), area surface and the volume of pore activated carbon. Another aim was to study the effect of reagent types and concentrations of H₃PO₄ reagent and NH₄HCO₃ reagent to the characteristics of the activated carbon. The study was conducted in six stages: 1) carbonization; 2) chemical activation; 3) neutralizing; 4) filtering; 5) activation in physics; and 6) cooling. The renewal of this study is the use of reagents combination H₃PO₄-NH₄HCO₃. The results showed that the active carbon which is activated by a combination of  H₃PO₄  reagent 2 M - NH₄HCO₃ reagent 2 M and  reagent H₃PO₄ reagent 2.5 M - reagent NH₄HCO₃ reagent 2.5 M have the best iodine. Activated carbon is activated using H₃PO₄ reagent 2 M - NH₄HCO₃ reagent  2 M containing 7.5% water content; ash content of 9,0%; volatile matter content of 43.3%, 40.2% fixed carbon, iodine 1238.544 mg/g. While activated carbon which is activated using H₃PO₄reagent 2.5 M - NH₄HCO₃ reagent 2.5 M contain 7.4% water content; ash content is about 10%; volatile matter content is 39.1%, fixed carbon is 43.5%, iodine 1238.544 mg/g,  surface area 86.213 m²/g, and pore volume 0.0733 cc/g.

Keywords: perf activation; coal; bituminous; H₃PO₄; NH₄HCO₃; active carbon

Abstrak

Batubara bituminus mempunyai potensi bagus untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi karbon aktif karena mempunyai kandungan karbon yang cukup tinggi, yaitu antara 54-86%. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh data kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, fixed carbon, daya serap terhadap iodium (bilangan iodin), luas permukaan, dan volume pori karbon aktif. Tujuan lainnya adalah mempelajari pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi reagen H₃PO₄ dan NH₄HCO₃ terhadap karakteristik karbon aktif. Penelitian dilakukan dalam enam tahap : 1) karbonisasi; 2) aktivasi secara kimia; 3) penetralan;; 4) penyaringan; 5) aktivasi secara fisika; 6) pendinginan. Pembaharuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan kombinasi reagen H₃PO₄-NH₄HCO₃. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diaktivasi dengan kombinasi reagen H₃PO₄  2 M - NH₄HCO₃ 2 M dan H₃PO₄  2,5 M - NH₄HCO₃ 2,5 M mempunyai bilangan iodin terbaik. Karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H₃PO₄  2 M - NH₄HCO₃ 2 M mengandung kadar air 7,5%, kadar abu 9,0%, kadar zat terbang 43,3%, fixed carbon 40,2%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g. Sedangkan karbon aktif yang diaktivasi menggunakan reagen H₃PO₄  2,5 M - NH₄HCO₃ 2,5 M mengandung kadar air 7,4%, kadar abu 10%, kadar zat terbang 39,1%, fixed carbon 43,5%, bilangan iodin 1238,544 mg/g, luas permukaan 86,213 m²/g, dan volume pori 0,0733 cc/g.

Kata kunci: aktivasi; batubara; bituminus; H₃PO₄; NH₄HCO₃; karbon aktif