DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.16.1.8-14

MAKANAN IKAN KAKATUA (Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1840) DI PERAIRAN TANJUNG TIRAM, KECAMATAN MORAMO UTARA, KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN SULAWESI TENGGARA

*Asriyana Asriyana orcid scopus  -  Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
La Asrin  -  Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
Halili Halili  -  Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
Nur Irawati  -  Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

Pengetahuan tentang makanan dan tingkat pemanfaatan makanan ikan kakatua penting untuk memahami peranan ekologi ikan kakatua dalam menjaga kelangsungan dan keseimbangan kondisi terumbu karang agar tetap baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makanan ikan kakatua di perairan Tanjung Tiram, Sulawesi Tenggara. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan sekali sebulan selama empat bulan dari bulan Januari sampai April 2018, dengan bottom experimental gillnets berukuran mata jaring 1¼, 1½,  dan 2 inci. Makanan dianalisis menggunakan indeks kepenuhan lambung, indeks bagian terbesar, luas relung, dan tumpang tindih relung. Jumlah ikan yang terkumpul sebanyak 358 ekor, dengan kisaran panjang total sekitar 69,0-195mm dan bobot 4,96-159,86 g. Ditemukan 6 macam organisme makanan dalam saluran pencernaan ikan kakatua. Menu makanan didominasi oleh kelompok alga hijau spesies Ulva lactuca dan Caulerpa racemosa. Tidak terdapat perbedaan komposisi jenis makanan ikan kakatua baik antar jenis kelamin maupun waktu pengamatan. Dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya makanan di perairan, ikan kakatua tidak selektif yang terindikasi dari nilai luas relung yang rendah. Peluang kompetisi intraspesifik terhadap makanan tertinggi saat bulan Januari hingga April.

 

Knowledge of food habit and the level of utilization of rivulated parrotfish are important to understanding the role of parrotfish ecology in maintaining the continuity and balance of coral reef conditions to remain good. This study aims to analyze the food habit of rivulated parrotfish in the waters of Tanjung Tiram, Southeast Sulawesi.Sampling was done monthly from January to April 2018, with bottom experimental gillnets with mesh size 1 ¼, and 1 ½ inches. The food habits was analyzed using index of fullness, index of preponderance,niche breadth, and niche overlapping. There were 358 fish with total length and weight ranged from 69.0-195.0 mm and 4.96-159.86 g respectively. There were six grouped of food organisms in the digestive tract of rivulated parrotfish. Important diet of rivulated parrotfish is green algae, Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa species.This study concludes that sex and temporal variations of food composition do not differ significantly.In utilizing food resources in the waters, rivulated parrotfishis not selective which is indicated by a low value of niche breadth. The highest intraspecific competition for food is from January to April.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Kakatua; kompetisi; makanan; Scarus rivulatus; Tanjung Tiram

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
KETERSEDIAAN AREA KERJA PADA EKS-KAPAL CANTRANG UNTUK MENGOPERASIKAN JARING INSANG OSEANIK (The Availability of working areas on the Ex-Cantrang Vessels to operate the Oceanic Gills Net) ANALISIS KESESUAIAN PERMINTAAN WISATA DAN PENAWARAN OBJEK WISATA DI TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN SERIBU (KASUS DI PULAU PRAMUKA), JAKARTA. ANALISIS HAMBATAN GESEK KAPAL MODIFIKASI DARI KAPAL JARING INSANG MENJADI KAPAL PANCING TONDA DI PALABUHANRATU (Evaluation of Ship Resistance from the Modification of Gillnets Vessel Into Troll Lines Vessel in Palabuhanratu) More recent articles
  1. Adrim, M. 2008. Aspek biologi ikan kakatua (Suku Scaridae). Oseana,33(1): 41-50
  2. Allen,G.R. 1999. A Field Guide for Anglers and Divers: Marine fishes of south east Asia. Singapore: Periplus edition (HK) Ltd. 292 p
  3. Asriyana, Rahardjo, M.F., Sulistiono. 2004.Studi kebiasaan makanan ikan tembang (Fam. Clupeidae) di perairan Teluk Kendari. Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 4(1): 43-50. https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v4i1.256
  4. Asriyana, Syafei LS. 2012. Perubahan ontogenetik makanan ikan kurisi, Nemipterus hexodon (Family Nemipteridae) di perairan Teluk Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 12(1): 49–57. https://doi.org/ 10.32491/jii.v12i1.129
  5. Asriyana, Irawati, N. 2018. Makanan dan strategi pola makan ikan kuniran Upeneus sulphureus, Cuvier (1829) di perairan Teluk Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 18(1): 23-39. https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v18i1.372
  6. Asriyana, Irawati, N., Indrayani. 2018. Trophic ecology of twoblotch ponyfish Nuchequula blochii in Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 11(1): 66-82
  7. Aswady, T.U., Asriyana, Halili. 2019. Rasio kelamin dan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad ikan kakatua (Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1840) di Perairan Desa Tanjung Tiram, Kecamatan Moramo Utara Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan, 4(2): 183-190
  8. Bellwood, D.R. 1994. A phylogenetic study of the parrotfishes family Scaridae (Pisces: Labroidei), with a revision of genera. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement,20: 1-86. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.20.1994.51
  9. Bogarestu, S.S. 2012. Variasi makanan ikan kuro (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) terkait perubahan ukuran panjang dan musim di Pantai Mayangan, Jawa Barat. [Skripsi]. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor
  10. Byrkjedal, I., Thompson, D.B.A. 1998. Tundra Plovers:the Eurasian, Pacific and American golden plovers and grey plover. T & AD Poyser. London. 422p
  11. Carpenter KE & Niem VH (editors). 1999. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. volume 3. 4. 5 and 6. The Living Marine Resources of theWestern Central Pacific. FAO. Rome. p 1397–3969
  12. Chen, L.S. 2002. Post-settlement diet shift of Chlorurus Sordidus and Scarus Schlegeli (Pisces: Scaridae). Zoological Studies, 41(1): 47-58
  13. Choat, H. 1966. Biological aspects of parrot fishes (Family Scaridae). Australian Natural History, 15(8) : 265-269
  14. Choat, J.H., Axe, L.M., Lou, D.C. 1996. Growth and longevity in fishes of the family Scaridae. Department of Marine Biology. James Cook University, Townsville. Queensland 4811. Australia. 145 : 33-41
  15. Colwell, R.K., Futuyma, D.J. 1971. On the measurement of niche breadth and overlap.Ecology, 52(4) : 567-576. https://doi.org/10.2307/1934144
  16. Effendie, M.I. 1997. Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama. Yogyakarta
  17. Fitrinawati, H. 2004. Kebiasaan makanan ikan rejung Silago sihama di perairan Pantai Mayangan, Subang, Jawa Barat [Skripsi]. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor
  18. Goncçalves EJ, Miguel B, Henrique CN, & Miguel H. 2002. Ontogenetic shifts in patterns of microhabitat utilization in the small-headed clingfish. Apletodon dentatus(Gobiesocidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 63: 333–339
  19. Gosner, K.L. 1971. Guide to Identification of Marine and Estuarine Invertebrates. John Wiley and Sons. New York. 693
  20. Higgins, R.P., Thiel, H. (editors). 1988. Introduction to the Study of Meiofauna. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington. 464
  21. Jennings, S., Kaiser, M.J., Reynolds, J.D. 2003. Marine Fisheries Ecology. Blackwell Publishing. New York. 417 p
  22. Khalifah, N. 2011. Komposisi jenis dan struktur populasi ikan kakatua (Famili Scaridae) di perairan dangkal Karang Congkak, Kepulauan Seribu. [Skripsi]. Departemen Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor
  23. Krebs C. J. 1989. Ecological Methodology. Harper and Row Publisher, New York. 652p
  24. Kume, G., Kubo, Y., Yoshimura, T., Kiriyama, T., Yamaguchi, A. 2009. Life history characteristics of the protogynous parrotfish Calotomusjaponicus from northwest Kyushu, Japan. Ichthyological Research, 57(2): 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-009-0135-9
  25. Lamouroux, N., Herve, C., Pouillyy, M., Yves, S.1999. Fish habitat preferences in large streams of southern France. Freshwater Biology, 42: 673–687. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00521.x
  26. Moyle, P.B., Senanayake, F. R. 1984. Resource partitioning among the fishes of rainforest streams inSri Langka. Journal of Zoology-London, 202(2): 195-223
  27. Natarajan, A.V., Jhingran, A.D. 1961. Index of preponderance- a Method of grading the food elements in the stomach analysis of fishes. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 8(1): 54-59
  28. Novakowsky, G.C., Hahn, N.S., Fugi, R. 2008. Diet seasonality and food overlap of the fish assemblage in a pantanal pond. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(4) : 567-576
  29. Nurnaningsih, Rahardjo, M.F., Sutrisno, S. 2004. Pemanfaatan makanan oleh ikan-ikan dominan di perairan Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 4(2):61-65. https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v4i2.245
  30. Nybakken, J.W. 1992. Biologi Laut Suatu Pendekatan Ekologis. Terjemahan oleh Eidman, M., Bengen, D.G., Koesoebiono, Hutomo, M., Sukristijono. Gramedia. Jakarta. 459 hal
  31. Pereira PHC, Santos M, Lippi DL, Silva P. 2016.Ontogenetic foraging activity and feeding selectivity of the Brazilian endemic parrotfish Scarus zelindae. PeerJ. 4:e2536; https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2536
  32. Pujiastuti, P., Ismail, B., Pranoto. 2013. Kualitas dan beban pencemaran perairan Waduk Gajah Mungkur. Jurnal Ekosains, 5(1): 45-46
  33. Riando, G. 2005. Studi makanan ikan ilat-ilat (Cyoglossus bilineatus, Lacipede 1802) pada Musi Barat di Perairan Mayang, Jawa Barat. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Program Studi Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. IPB. 66 hal
  34. Rumondang. 2013. Kajian makanan dan pertumbuhan ikan brek (Barbonymus balleroidesVal. 1842) di SungaiSerayu Kabupaten Banjarnegara Provinsi Jawa Tengah. [Tesis]. Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor
  35. Sa R., Bexiga, C., Veiga, L., Erzini, K. 2006. Feeding ecology and trophic relationships of fish species in the lower Guadiana River Estuary and Castro Mari e Vila Real de Santo Antonio Salt Mars. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 70: 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.038
  36. Setiawan, F. 2010. Panduan Lapangan Identifikasi Ikan Karang dan Invertebrata laut. Wildlife Conservation Society. Indonesia
  37. Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J. 1995. Biometry. W.H. Free-man and Company. New York. 887p
  38. Spataru, P., Viveen, W.J.A.R., Gophen, M. 1987. Food composition of Clarias gariepinus(C. Lazera) (Cypriniformes, Clariidae) in Lake Kinneret (Israel). Hydrobiologia,144(1) : 77-82
  39. Tomas, C.R. (editor). 1997. Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press: The United States of America. 858
  40. Wootton, R.J. 1998. Ecology of Teleost Fishes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, 386
  41. Yamaji, E.E. 1979. Ilustration of the Marine Plankton of Japan. Hoikusha Publishing: Japan. 536
  42. Yarlett, R.T., Perry, C.T., Wilson, R.W., Philpot, K.E. 2018. Constraining species−size class variability in rates of parrotfish bioerosion on Maldivian coral reefs: implications for regional-scale bioerosion estimates. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 590: 155–169. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12480
  43. Zahid, A., Rahardjo, M.F., Nurhakim, S., Sulistiono. 2011. Variasi makanan ikan serinding Ambassis nalua (Hamilton,1822) di ekosistem estuari Segara Menyan, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 11(2): 159-168. https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v11i2.139

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.