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PELEPASAN DENSITAS Zooxanthellae KARANG Acropora sp. PADA BEBERAPA TINGKAT SALINITAS

*Zulfana Fikru Sifa orcid  -  Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo  -  Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Departemen Sumberdaya Akuatik, Indonesia
Diah Ayuningrum  -  Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Departemen Sumberdaya Akuatik, Indonesia

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Abstract

Ekosistem terumbu karang sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lingkungan laut, salah satunya salinitas. Tekanan salinitas tinggi (hipersaline) maupun rendah (hiposaline) dapat menyebabkan karang menjadi stress osmotik sehingga zooxanthellae akan keluar dari polip dan menyebakan bleaching serta dapat mengakibatkan kematian karang dalam jangka panjang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi salinitas hipo dan hiper-salin terhadap densitas zooxanthellae serta hubungannya terhadap fotosintesis (NPP), respirasi dan Gross Primary Productivity (GPP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental yang dilaksanakan pada 13 November 2019 – 7 Februari 2020 di Laboratorium Pengembangan Wilayah Pantai (LPWP). Karang yang dipergunakan sebagai objek penelitian adalah Acropora sp. yang diambil dari perairan Pulau Panjang, Jepara. Konsentrasi salinitas yang digunakan yaitu 25 o/oo, 30 o/oo, 35 o/oo dan pengamatan dilakukan dengan interval waktu ke- 0, 3, 6 dan 9 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi salinitas berpengaruh nyata terhadap pelepasan zooxanthellae. Konsentrasi 25 o/oomenyebabkan tekanan pelepasan tertinggi dengan penurunan sebanyak 21 ekor per hari. Densitas zooxanthellae mempengaruhi nilai fotosintesis (NPP), respirasi dan Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) karang. Semakin rendah densitas zooxanthellae maka cenderung semakin rendah fotosintesis (NPP), respirasi serta  gross primary productivity (GPP) karang Acropora sp.

 

Coral reef ecosystems are strongly influenced by marine environment factors, one of which is salinity. The effect of high salinity (hipersalin) and low salinity (hiposaline) on corals causes osmotic stress so that zooxanthellae will come out of polyps may cause bleaching and coral death in long-term exposure. The purpose of this study is determining the effect of several salinity concentrations on zooxanthellae density and their relationship to photosynthesis (NPP), respiration and primary productivity (GPP). This research used experimental method was conducted on November 13th – February 7th, 2020 at Coastal Development Laboratory (LPWP). Corals used as research objects are Acropora sp. taken from the waters of Pulau Panjang, Jepara. Acropora sp. is given salinity concentration treatment (25 o/oo, 30 o/oo, 35 o/oo). Observations were made at 0, 3, 6 and 9 day time intervals. The results showed that the difference in salinity concentration significantly affected the density of zooxanthellae. Salinity concentration 25 o/oo treatment causing the highest zooxanthellae release pressure with a decrease of 21 animals per day. Zooxanthellae density affects the value of photosynthesis (NPP), respiration and gross primary productivity (GPP) of corals. The lower the zooxanthellae density, the lower the NPP, respiration and GPP of corals tends to be.

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Keywords: Salinitas; Zooxanthellae; Gross Primary Productivity; Respirasi

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