DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.%25v.%25i.69-82

KINETIKA REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI GLISEROL DAN ASAM ASETAT MENJADI TRIACETIN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM SULFAT

*Hantoro Satriadi  -  Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia

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Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang diharapkan dapat menggantikan bahan bakar diesel. Gliserol merupakan produk dengan produksi biodiesel dari reaksi transesterifikasi. Gliserol saat diesterifikasi dengan asam asetat untuk membentuk triacetin. Kegunaan triacetin sangat baik untuk makanan dan non makanan. Untuk bahan makanan, triacetin dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aroma dalam permen, minuman dari susu, minuman ringan dan permen karet. Adapun non-makanan dapat digunakan untuk pelarut pada parfum, tinta cetak, pelarut dalam rasa, plasticizer untuk resin selulosa, polimer dan co-polimer, bahkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aditif bahan bakar untuk mengurangi knocking di mesin mobil. Dalam penelitian ini akan diperoleh kondisi optimum pembuatan triacetin. Volume total gliserol dan asam asetat 600 ml, kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm dan berat katalis adalah 5% berat gliserol. Dalam penelitian ini proses analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan instrumen FTIR telah mendeteksi adanya produk triacetin. Hasil analisis kuantitatif diperoleh persamaan kecepatan reaksi esterifikasi dan kondisi optimum yang dihasilkan pada rasio mol reagen gliserol dan asam asetat 1:7 dengan temperatur 120 oC pada menit ke-5 dengan nilai konversi sebesar 67,63%.

[Title: Kinetics of Esterification Reaction of Triacetin Formation from Glycerol and Acetic Acid Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyst] Biodiesel, as one of alternative energy, is expected to replace diesel fuel. Glycerol is a by product of biodiesel production from transesterification reaction. The glycerol was esterified with acetic acid to form triacetin. The triacetin was useful for food and non- food application. For food application, the triacetin can be used as a fragrance ingredient in candy, beverages from milk, soft drinks and chewing gum. Meanwhile, for non-food materials, it can be used for solvent triacetin on perfumes, printing ink, solvent in flavor, plasticizer for cellulose resin, polymer and co-polymers, it can even be used as fuel additives to reduce knocking in car engines. In this study, the research results in optimum conditions on manufacturing triacetin. Total volume of glycerol and acetic acid is 600 ml, stirring speed is 100 rpm and the catalyst laoding is 5 wt.% glycerol. From qualitative analysis using FTIR, the triacetin product was detected. From quantitative analysis, the rate equation of esterification reaction and optimum conditions were resulted at mole ratio of glycerol and acetic acid of eagents 1:7, temperature of 120 0C at 5 minutes process and the conversion of 67.63%.

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Keywords: gliserol; asam asetat; esterifikasi; triacetin; konversi; glycerol; acetic acid; esterification; triacetin; conversion

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Language : EN
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