Pengaruh Aplikasi Probiotik Terhadap Laju Sintasan dan Pertumbuhan Tokolan Udang Vanamei (Litopeneus vannamei), Populasi Bakteri Vibrio, serta Kandungan Amoniak dan Bahan Organik Media Budidaya

Abstract

Peningkatan kadar amoniak dan bahan organik pada media budidaya udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik pengoksidasi amoniak dan bahan organik terhadap laju sintasan hidup dan pertumbuhan tokolan udang vaname, populasi bakteri vibrio serta kandungan amoniak dan bahan organic media budidaya. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratories dengan empat perlakuan yaitu perlakuan pemberian 1 ppm  probiotik A (Nitrosomonas eutorpha MPN-8.2, dan Nitrobacter winogradskyi MPN-2), pemberian 0,1 ppm probiotik B (Paracoccus pantotrophus SB 3056 1,5x109cfu/g dan Bacillus megaterium SB 3112 2,5x109cfu/g), pemberian campuran probiotik A dan probiotik B dengan dosis masing masing 1 ppm  dan 0,1 ppm  serta control (tanpa probiotik). Tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Kandungan amoniak dan bahan organik dalam air diukur  pada hari ke 0, 15 dan 30. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian probiotik A, B dan campuran probiotik A dan B berpengaruh : meningkatkan sintasan hidup tokolan udang vanamei yaitu berturut-turut (96%+3,05), (96,66+2,08)%, dan (97,33+1,25)% sedangkan kontrol (90,66 +3,30)%. (2) menurunkan populasi bakteri pathogen Vibrio, serta (3)menurunkan kadar amoniak dan bahan organik.

Kata kunci: Litopenaeus vannamei, probiotik, amoniak, total bahan organic, sintasan

The enhancement of ammonia and total organic matter level in water medium of vannamei’s (Litopenaeus vannamei) grow out  is one of the major problem.The aims of this research is to find out the effect of survival rate and growth in  vaneme’s juveniles by probiotic addition  This research was done by experimental laboratory with four treatments i.e.  A = juveniles + 1 ppm (Nitrosomonas eutorpha MPN-8.2, and  Nitrobacter  winogradskyi MPN-2 ), B = juveniles + 0,1 ppm (Paracoccus pantotrophus SB 3056 1.5x109cfu/g and Bacillus megaterium SB 3112 2.5x109cfu/g), C = juveniles + 1 ppm (Nitrosomonas eutorpha and Nitrobacter  winogradskyi) + 0,1 ppm (Paracoccus pantotrophus and Bacillus megaterium) and K= juveniles without probiotic addition, respectively. These treatments were replicated in three times. The measurements was regularly done by considering the culture condition. The result shows that those probiotic treatments give the better survival rate i.e. A(96%+3.05), B=(96,66+2.08)%,  C=(97,33+1.25)%  when  caompared  to  the  controle (90.66+3.30)%.  Furthermore,  the pathogenic Vibrio population of probiotic treatments were low when compared to the control. The level of total ammonia and organic matter in control was higher than the probiotic treatments.

Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei, probiotics, ammonia, total organic matter