DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.21.2.350-360

Praktik Pencegahan dan Pengurangan Sampah Sisa Makanan di Sektor Pengecer di Beberapa Negara (Tinjauan Literatur)

School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya Kampus UI Salemba No.4, Kenari, Senen, Central Jakarta City, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

Received: 13 Apr 2022; Revised: 24 Feb 2023; Accepted: 1 Mar 2023; Available online: 26 Mar 2023; Published: 5 Apr 2023.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

Permasalahan sampah sisa makanan menjadi isu yang sangat penting bagi dunia yang mengakibatkan dampak sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Meskipun sampah sisa makanan dapat terjadi di setiap tingkat rantai pasokan makanan, pengecer yang menghubungkan distributor dan konsumen bertanggungjawab memegang peranan penting dalam masalah ini. Berbagai upaya publik yang ditujukan untuk memerangi sampah sisa makanan dan menentukan tujuan alternatif telah diterapkan di seluruh dunia. Langkah-langkah ini telah membuat pihak pengecer mencari cara untuk mencegah dan mengurangi sampah sisa makanan. Paper ini bertujuan untuk menyusun dan mengumpulkan metode pencegahan dan pengurangan sampah sisa makanan untuk mendukung pengambil keputusan dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya di sektor pengecer. Melalui tinjauan literatur yang sistematis, sebanyak 33 artikel jurnal internasional yang diterbitkan dari tahun 2013 hingga 2022 tentang pencegahan dan pengurangan sampah sisa makanan di beberapa negara dipelajari, dikelompokkan sesuai kategorinya dan dibahas. Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan literatur melaporkan bahwa praktik pencegahan dan pengurangan sampah sisa makanan dapat dikategorikan menjadi empat bagian, yaitu kebijakan (menyumbangkan makanan, mengalihkan ke ternak, pengurangan harga, dan perjanjian kembali ke pemasok), pendidikan (pelatihan karyawan dan staff, kampanye pencegahan, dan komunikasi internal), logistik atau manajemen (penempatan/pengemasan/pengisian produk, transportasi/pengangkutan, dan pengoptimalan penyimpanan dan umur simpan) dan dukungan atau support (pencatatan, memprediksi permintaan, dan kolaborasi dan kerjasama antara rantai pasok). Hasil ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi pihak pemangku kepentingan (lembaga non pemerintah, pemeritah, pihak manajerial, peneliti, produsen, dan masyarakat) untuk pengambilan keputusan dan meningkatkan tindakan dalam mengurangi dan mencegah sampah sisa makanan khususnya di tingkat pengecer. Kontribusi dari paper ini adalah mengembangkan praktik untuk mencegah dan mengurangi sampah sisa makanan di pengecer.

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Keywords: sampah sisa makanan; pengecer; tinjauan literatur; pencegahan; pengurangan

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