DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.21.1.43-56

Kerentanan Nafkah Rumahtangga Nelayan dalam Tekanan Variabilitas Iklim: Studi Kasus Desa Dendun, Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau

1Program Studi Sosiologi Pedesaan Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Babakan, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Indonesia

2Department of Communication Science and Community Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Indonesia

Received: 5 Jun 2022; Revised: 4 Sep 2022; Accepted: 3 Oct 2022; Available online: 3 Jan 2023; Published: 9 Jan 2023.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

Citation Format:
Abstract

ABSTRAK

Nelayan sangat bergantung pada sumberdaya laut sebagai sumber penghidupan. Faktor iklim dan perubahan cuaca sangat menentukan distribusi dan keberadaan ikan, yang selanjutnya menentukan jumlah tangkapan ikan atau pendapatan nelayan. Perubahan cuaca yang tidak dapat diprediksi serta variabilitas iklim, menimbulkan tekanan yang penting pada kemampuan nelayan kecil untuk melaut. Faktor iklim mengendala kemampuan menangkap ikan dan pendapatan nelayan. Artikel ini mengkaji seberapa rentan penghidupan nelayan kecil dan nelayan besar terdampak oleh tekanan variabilitas iklim dan perubahan cuaca. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis sejauh mana kerentanan rumahtangga nelayan dan upaya strategi nafkah yang dilakukan oleh rumahtangga nelayan. Studi kasus dilakukan di Desa Dendun, Kabupaten Bintan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung oleh pendekatan kualitatif. Sebanyak 40 rumahtangga nelayan kecil dan lima rumahtangga nelayan besar (pukat) diambil sebagai responden dalam sebuah survei. Kuesioner digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian dengan kombinasi wawancara mendalam untuk mendapatkan data kualitatif. Studi ini menemukan fakta bahwa rumahtangga nelayan kecil lebih memiliki kerentanan nafkah yang mengkhawatirkan, utamanya bila dibandingkan dengan kerentanan nafkah rumahtangga nelayan besar. Peningkatan cuaca ekstrem, gelombang yang kuat mengancam keseluruhan sistem nafkah rumahtangga nelayan kecil. Hasil perhitungan Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) menunjukkan nilai kerentanan rumahtangga nelayan kecil adalah 0,329 sementara nelayan besar adalah 0,145. Studi juga mengungkap bahwa nelayan kecil, sekalipun demikian memiliki strategi nafkah untuk tetap bertahan hidup di bawah tekanan cuaca ekstrem dan variabilitas iklim.

ABSTRACT

Fishermen are very dependent on marine resources as a source of livelihood. Climatic factors and weather changes greatly determine the distribution and presence of fish, which in turn determines the number of fish catches or fishermen's income. Unpredictability of weather changes and climate variability put significant pressure on the ability of small fishermen to go to sea. Climatic factors constrain the ability to catch fish and fishermen's income. This article examines how vulnerable the livelihoods of small and large fishermen are affected by the pressures of climate variability and weather changes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of the vulnerability of fishing households and the livelihood strategy efforts carried out by fishing households. The case study was conducted in Dendun Village, Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. This study uses quantitative research methods supported by a qualitative approach. A total of 40 small fishing households and five large fishing households (pukat) were taken as respondents in a survey. Questionnaires were used as research instruments with a combination of in-depth interviews to obtain qualitative data. This study found the fact that small fishing households have a worrying livelihood vulnerability, especially when compared to the livelihood vulnerability of large fishermen households. Increasing extreme weather, strong waves threaten the entire livelihood system of small fishermen's households. The results of the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) calculation show that the vulnerability value of small fishermen's households is 0.329 while that of large fishermen is 0.145. The study also revealed that small fishermen, however, have livelihood strategies to survive under the stress of extreme weather and climate.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Kerentanan nafkah; Strategi penghidupan; LVI; Rumahtangga nelayan; Modal nafkah

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Article
Language : ID
Recent articles
Social and Environmental Risks Integration into Underwriting of Non-Life Insurance: A Review of Sustainable Finance in Indonesia Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Lingkungan Pemeliharaan Ternak Babi yang Diumbar di Kampung Gaya Baru dan Sekitar Pasar Wosi, Manokwari Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Kebakaran Lahan Gambut dan Hutan More recent articles
Most cited articles
Kajian Kualitas Air Laut dan Indeks Pencemaran Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika-Kimia di Perairan Distrik Depapre, Jayapura PERBAIKAN KUALITAS AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK DENGAN FITOREMEDIASI MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI BEBERAPA GULMA AIR: STUDI KASUS KOLAM RETENSI TALANG AMAN KOTA PALEMBANG KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DI KAWASAN KENDENG UTARA PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN ETIKA LINGKUNGAN DENGAN SIKAP DAN PERILAKU MENJAGA KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN TEKNIK BIOREMEDIASI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF DALAM UPAYA PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR More cited articles
  1. Adger, W. N., (2006), Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 268–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006
  2. Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M., Winkels, A., Huy, L. Q., & Locke, C., (2002), Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories, and social resilience. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 31(4), 358–366. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.4.358
  3. Adger, Wn., Kelly, Pm., & Huu Ninh, N., (2001), Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2003.12.002
  4. Allison, E. H., & Ellis, F., (2001), The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy, 25(5), 377–388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(01)00023-9
  5. Anugerah, T., Dharmawan, A. H., & Agusta, I., (2021), Dampak Penambangan Timah Laut terhadap Sumber Penghidupan Rumah Tangga Nelayan di Kabupaten Meranti. BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria 7(1), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.31292/bhumi.v7i1.480
  6. Azizi, A., Putri, E. I. K., & Fahrudin, A., (2017), Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Perubahan Pendapatan Nelayan Akibat Variabilitas Iklim. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 12(2), 225–233. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v12i2.5320
  7. Badjeck, M.-C., Allison, E. H., Halls, A. S., & Dulvy, N. K., (2010), Impacts of climate variability and change on fishery-based livelihoods. Marine Policy, 34(3), 375–383
  8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.08.007
  9. Belhabib, D., Lam, V. W. Y., & Cheung, W. W. L., (2016), Overview of West African fisheries under climate change: Impacts, vulnerabilities and adaptive responses of the artisanal and industrial sectors. Marine Policy, 71, 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.05.009
  10. Can, N. D., Tu, V. H., & Hoanh, C. T., (2013), Application of livelihood vulnerability index to assess risks from flood vulnerability and climate variability-A case study in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering. A, 2(8A), 476
  11. Dharmawan, A. H., & Nissa, Z. N. A., (2020), Rural Livelihood Vulnerability and Resilience: a Typology Drawn from Case Studies of Small-Scale Farmers and Fishermen in Indonesia. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 8(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.22500/8202028458
  12. Dharmawan, A. H., Putri, E. I. K., & Mardiyaningsih, D. I., (2016), Smallholder farmers’ resilience in rural-ecological crises: studi case from West Java, Indonesia. The International Journal of Sustainability in Economic, Social and Cultural Context, 12(3), 17–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-1115/CGP/v12i03/17-34
  13. Hahn, M. B., Riederer, A. M., & Foster, S. O., (2009), The Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change-A case study in Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 19(1), 74–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.11.002
  14. Islam, M. M., Sallu, S., Hubacek, K., & Paavola, J., (2014), Vulnerability of fishery-based livelihoods to the impacts of climate variability and change: Insights from coastal Bangladesh. Regional Environmental Change, 14(1), 281–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0487-6
  15. Luas Alfando, (2021), Kerentanan Nafkah Rumah Tangga Nelayan Tuna dalam Tekanan Variabilitas Iklim Di Kabupaten Manokwari, Papua Barat. Tesis, Institut Pertanian Bogor
  16. McCarthy, J. J., Canziani, O. F., Leary, N. A., Dokken, D. J., & White, K. S., (2001), Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press
  17. Mulyasari, G., Irham, Waluyati, L. R., & Suryantini, A., (2021), Understanding and adaptation to climate change of fishermen in the northern coastal of Central Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 724(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/724/1/012094
  18. Nissa, Z. N. A., Dharmawan, A. H., & Saharuddin, S., (2019), Vulnerability Analysis of Small Fishermen’s Household Livelihoods in Tegal City. Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v11i2.18583
  19. Paulus, C. A., & Fauzi, A., (2017), Factors Affecting Sustainability of alternatives livelihood in coastal community of Nembrala East Nusa Tenggara: An Application of MICMAC Method. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 18(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v18i2.4397
  20. Satria, A., (2015), Pengantar sosiologi masyarakat pesisir. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia
  21. Scott, J. C., (1981), Moral Ekonomi Petani: Pergolakan dan Subsistensi di Asia Tenggara. Basari H. Penerjemah. LP3ES. Terjemahan Dari: The Moral Economiy of Peasant. Rebelion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia. Jakarta
  22. Shaffril, H. A. M., Abu Samah, A., & Samsuddin, S. F., (2022), The Impacts of Fishermen’s Resilience towards Climate Change on Their Well-Being. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063203
  23. Shah, K. U., Dulal, H. B., Johnson, C., & Baptiste, A., (2013), Understanding livelihood vulnerability to climate change: Applying the livelihood vulnerability index in Trinidad and Tobago. Geoforum, 47, 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.04.004
  24. Sreya, P. S., Parayil, C., Aswathy, N., Bonny, B. P., Aiswarya, T. P., & Nameer, P. O., (2021), Economic vulnerability of small-scale coastal households to extreme weather events in Southern India. Marine Policy, 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104608
  25. Tribunbatam.id, 30 Juli 2020, Hanya dalam Waktu 2 Menit, 15 Rumah di Bintan Rusak Diterjang Angin Puting Beliung. https://batam.tribunnews.com/2020/07/30/hanya-dalam-waktu-2-menit-15-rumah-di-bintan-rusak-diterjang-angin-puting-beliung. Diakses pada 10 November 2021
  26. Usman, U., (2013), Peran Isteri dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Ekonomi Keluarga Nelayan. Jurnal Masyarakat Dan Budaya, 15(1), 71–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14203/jmb.v15i1.142
  27. Wahyono, A., (2018), Ketahanan Sosial Nelayan: Upaya Merumuskan Indikator Kerentanan [Vulnerability] Terkait Dengan Bencana Perubahan Iklim. Masyarakat Indonesia, 42(2), 185–199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14203/jmi.v42i2.665
  28. Wahyono, A., Imron, M., & Nadzir, I., (2016), Kapasitas adaptif masyarakat pesisir menghadapi perubahan iklim: Kasus Pulau Gangga, Minahasa Utara. Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 3(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jksekp.v3i2.315

Last update:

  1. Penerapan Inovasi Teknologi dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Tangkapan Ikan bagi Nelayan di KUB Bugel

    Aris Kusumo Diantoro, Roza Yusfiandayani, Hermanu Triwidodo, Zakiah Wulandari, Zulfatun Ruscitasari, Marosimy Millaty, Irwan Novianto, Fajar Sidik Abdullah Kelana. Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 10 (3), 2024. doi: 10.29244/agrokreatif.10.3.353-362

  2. Climate Crisis, Social Responses and Sustainability

    Habibullah, Retnaningdyah Weningtyastuti, Risyanto, Mijak Tampung. Climate Change Management, 2024. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-58261-5_22

Last update: 2024-11-23 04:45:18

No citation recorded.