DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.23.5.1378-1384

Tingkat Kontaminasi Tembaga dan Timbal pada Perairan Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas Semarang

Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Received: 29 Apr 2025; Revised: 11 Oct 2025; Accepted: 12 Oct 2025; Available online: 30 Sep 2025; Published: 8 Oct 2025.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pencemaran polutan logam berat tembaga (Cu) dan timbal (Pb) di perairan Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas Semarang (PTES), diakibatkan oleh dampak aktivitas pelabuhan, pelayaran, proses industri dan buangan limbah domestik perkotaan. Hal ini berdampak negatif pada keberlanjutan ekosistem akuatik dan masyarakat setempat, sehingga diperlukan kajian terkait pencemaran logam berat tembaga dan timbal di perairan PTES. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan referensi mengenai kondisi terkini terkait tingkat pencemaran logam Cu dan Pb di perairan PTES, serta membandingkan tingkat cemaran terhadap standar kualitas lingkungan. Metode penelitian ini mengukur konsentrasi Cu dan Pb pada lapisan sedimen dan perairan di tiga stasiun sampling. Metode pengukuran logam Cu dan Pb menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Data konsentrasi logam berat yang diperoleh kemudian dibandingkan dengan standar kualitas sedimen (Sediment Quality Guidelines, SQG) dari U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) untuk sampel sedimen dan standar PP RI No. 22 Tahun 2021 untuk sampel air, untuk mendapatkan status cemaran Cu dan Pb. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, status cemaran Cu dan Pb di sedimen berada dalam kategori tidak tercemar (SQG US EPA). Dimana konsentrasi logam berat tertinggi berada pada stasiun 1 dengan konsentrasi Cu yaitu 10.99 ppm dan konsentrasi Pb yaitu 0.03 ppm. Sedangkan status cemaran Cu dalam perairan berada dalam kategori aman dengan konsnetrasi Cu pada semua stasiun yaitu 0.01 ppm. Sementara itu, status Pb dalam perairan berada di atas baku mutu dan tercemar berdasarkan PP RI No. 22 Tahun 2021, dengan konsentrasi Pb pada ketiga stasiun yaitu 1.00 ppm, 1.20 ppm dan 1.60 ppm. Konsentrasi logam berat terutama Pb di perairan dapat mempengaruhi ekosistem akuatik, prioritas penanganan dan penelitian lebih lanjut sangat diperlukan untuk mengupayakan teknologi remediasi logam berat di perairan PTES.

 

ABSTRACT

The contamination of heavy metals, particularly copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), in the waters of Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang (PTES), is primarily attributed to maritime operations, industrial processes, and domestic waste. This pollution poses significant threats to the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems and the well-being of surrounding communities. Therefore, an in-depth assessment of Cu and Pb pollution in PTES waters is urgently needed. This study aims to provide an updated reference on the current levels of Cu and Pb contamination in the PTES waters and to compare these concentrations against established environmental quality standards. The research methodology involved measuring Cu and Pb concentrations in both sediment and water samples collected from three stations. The levels of Cu and Pb were determined using AAS. The obtained heavy metal concentration data were compared against the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG) set by the US EPA for sediment samples, and the Indonesian Government Regulation (PP R1) No. 22 of 2021 for water samples. The study revealed that the contamination status of Cu and Pb in sediments was classified as "unpolluted" based on the SQG US EPA. The highest concentrations were recorded at Station 1, with Cu at 10.99 ppm and Pb at 0.03 ppm. Copper contamination in water samples from all stations was found to be within safe limits. However, Pb concentrations in water samples exceeded the quality standards set by PP RI No. 22 Tahun 2021, indicating a polluted status. Pb concentrations were recorded at 1.00 ppm, 1.20 ppm, and 1.60 ppm across the three sampling stations, respectively. The elevated levels of Pb in the aquatic environment could significantly impact the local ecosystem, highlighting the urgent need for prioritizing mitigation measures and advancing further research for developing and implementing effective heavy metal remediation technologies in the waters of PTES.

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Keywords: Logam Berat;Tembaga; Timbal; Sedimen;Tanjung Emas
Funding: Universitas Diponegoro under contract No. 665/UN7.A2/UP/IX/2024

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