DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.23.6.1489-1499

Studi Keanekaragaman, Pola Sebaran dan Kemelimpahan Capung (Odonata) di Pulau Lombok serta Peranannya sebagai Bioindikator Lingkungan

Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. South Teknika, North Sekip, Bulaksumur, Special Region of Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Received: 14 Jun 2025; Revised: 22 Nov 2025; Accepted: 28 Nov 2025; Available online: 16 Dec 2025; Published: 31 Dec 2025.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Pulau Lombok sebagai salah satu zona peralihan di Indonesia memiliki kekayaan alam yang melimpah serta peran penting dalam kelestarian lingkungan, baik dari segi flora dan fauna. Adanya aktivitas penggundulan hutan, pertambangan, pariwisata, pembangunan, dan aktivitas manusia lainnya memberikan ancaman terhadap keberagaman dan kemelimpahan ekosistem. Capung sendiri merupakan serangga yang memiliki sensitivitas yang tinggi terhadap perubahan lingkungan dan dapat ditemui diberbagai tempat, seperti misalnya Pulau Lombok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh tingkat keanekaragaman capung di Pulau Lombok, pola sebaran, kemelimpahan, dan perannya untuk menentukan kondisi lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode transek garis di sepanjang jalur pengamatan dan metode visual day flying. Hasil analisis faktor fisik kimia sungai menunjukkan bahwa sungai di Pulau Lombok memenuhi standar baku mutu air. Penelitian ini berhasil mendapatkan indeks keanekaragaman capung di Pulau Lombok, yaitu 2,67 termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang. Pola sebaran capung 1,03 termasuk kategori mengelompok. Kelimpahan tertinggi capung di Pulau Lombok dimiliki oleh capung Euphaea lara lombockensis dengan persentase 16,79% kategori dominan, sedangkan kelimpahan terendahnya dimiliki oleh capung Tramea eurybia, Tholymis tillarga, dan Orthetrum testaceum soembanum dengan persentase 0,25% kategori tidak dominan. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kondisi sungai di Pulau Lombok masih mendukung keberlangsungan hidup organisme air dibuktikan dengan ditemukannya capung pada lingkungan perairan. Namun, perbedaan kondisi lingkungan memiliki pengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman, pola sebaran, dan kemelimpahan capung.

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Keywords: Bioindikator, Capung; Keanekaragaman; Kemelimpahan; Pola Sebaran

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