DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.4.842-854

Pemanfaatan Lumpur dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Terpadu Kawasan Industri sebagai Adsorben dalam Penghilangan Metilen Biru

Program Studi Magister Ilmu Lingkungan, Fakultas Pascasarjana, Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Received: 20 Nov 2025; Revised: 11 Aug 2026; Accepted: 13 Aug 2026; Available online: 30 Aug 2026; Published: 1 Sep 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Terpadu Kawasan Industri menghasilkan lumpur yang termasuk Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (LB3), tetapi kandungan karbon dalam lumpur berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi karakteristik fisik-kimia dan kinerja adsorpsi adsorben berbasis lumpur IPAL terpadu kawasan industri dalam penyisihan metilen biru (MB) serta mengevaluasi penggunaan media penyaring lumpur berupa nylon dan kertas saring dalam pembuatan adsorben. Adsorben dibuat melalui serangkaian persiapan lumpur, pirolisis, dan aktivasi menggunakan larutan KOH. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), dan Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Uji adsorpsi batch dilakukan dengan variasi massa adsorben (0,05, 0,1, dan 0,25 g), waktu kontak (5, 10, 20, 30, dan 60 menit), dan konsentrasi awal MB (5, 10, 25, 50, dan 100 ppm). Berdasarkan penelitian, adsorben yang dibuat dengan penyaring nylon menunjukkan karakteristik dan kinerja yang lebih baik dibanding kertas saring. Adsorben memiliki porositas dan permukaannya tersusun dari unsur utama C, O, Al, dan Si. Adsorben dengan penyaringan nylon memiliki luas permukaan spesifik 127,1 m²/g dengan kandungan karbon sebesar 39,3%, sedangkan adsorben dengan penyaringan kertas saring sebesar 65,5 m²/g dan 15,6%. Kondisi optimum diperoleh dari massa adsorben seberat 0,1 g, waktu kontak selama 30 menit, dan konsentrasi awal MB yaitu 10 ppm yang menghasilkan persentase penyisihan MB sebesar 90,8%. Model Isoterm Langmuir memberikan kecocokan yang lebih tinggi (R2 = 0,9989) dibandingkan Freundlich (R2 = 0,9503), yang menunjukkan kecenderungan adsorpsi monolayer pada permukaan relatif homogen. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi pemanfaatan lumpur IPAL yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam pengolahan air limbah secara berkelanjutan.

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Keywords: Adsorben; Adsorpsi; Aktivasi; Lumpur IPAL; Metilen Biru; Pirolisis

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